1911
T-A
i
Expedition to
Pacific, from
March, 1900,
the tropical
August, 1899 to
1
13« The Shore
Fishes:
[by] W.C. Kendall [and]
E.L. Goldsborough
.J
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Mm
LIBRARY
OF THE
Museum of Comparative Zoology
U.^^q
OCT 13 1927
/IDemoirs of tbe /iDiiseum of Comparative Zoolofl?
AT HARVARD COLLEtiE.
Vol. XXVI. No. 7.
REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION 'p(pL;'^^^.Y
TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSf^^, ^^'j JI^l fi f ft f \
U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM 4T]G|V^':j',',|',Sp9.
to MARCH, 1900, COMMANDER JEFFERSON F. MOSER,' U. S. N., COM-
MANDING.
XIII.
THE SHORE FISHES.
By WILLIAM C. KENDALL and EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
WITH SEVEN PLATES.
IPublished by permission of Geokge M. Bowebs, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fislieries.l
CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:
printed for tbe flDuseum.
February, 1911.
TROPICAL PACIFIC.
The following PuhlicdHons of fhr Museum confain Reports on fhr Urcdging Operations in
charge of Alexander Agassiz, of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during
ISOfl and 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding.
I It i- (I u I J
fi n ]^ 9!|^ flLr)AfcA.Khiz. Preliminary Report and List of Stations. With Remarks on the Deep-
Sea Deposits by Sir John Murray. Mem. M. C. Z., ^'ol. XXVI. No. 1 . January,
1902. 114 pp. 21 Charts.
II. A. G. Mayer. Some Species of Partula from Tahiti. A Study in Variation. Mem.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 2. January, 1902. 22 pp. 1 Plate.
III. A. Agassiz and A. G. Mayer. Medusa-. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 3.
January, 1902. 40 pp. 13 Plates, 1 Chart.
IV. A. Agassiz. The Coral Reefs of the Tropical Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVIII.
February, 1903. 33, 410 pp. 238 Plates.
Y. C. R. Eastman. Sharks' Teeth and Cetacean Bones from the Red Clay of the
Tropical Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 4. June, 1903. 16 pp.
3 Plates.
VI. W. E. HoYLE. Cephalopoda. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII. No. 1. March, 1904.
72 pp. 12 Plates.
VII. H. LuDwiG. Asteroidea. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXII. July, 1905. 12, 292 pp.
35 Plates, 1 Chart.
VIII. W. E. RiTTER and Edith S. Byxbee. The Pelagic Tunicata. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol.
XXVI. No. 5. August, 1905. 22 pp. 2 Plates.
IX. Mary J. Rathbun. The Brachyura. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV. No. 2.
August, 1907. 54 pp. 9 Plates.
X. C.H.Gilbert. The Lantern Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 6. July,
1908. 24 pp. 6 Plates.
XL A. Agassiz. Echini. The Genus Colobocentrotus. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIX,
No. 1. November, 1908. 44 pp. 49 Plates.
XII. J. Murray and G. V. Lee. The Depth and Marine Deposits of the Pacific. Mem.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1. June, 1909. 170 pp. 5 Plates. 3 Maps.
XIII. W. C. Kendall and E. L. Goldsborough. The Shore Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXVI. No. 7. February, 1911. 106 pp. 7 Plates.
/IDcmoirs of tbe riDuseum ot Comparative Zooloo\?
AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
Vol. XXVI. No. 7.
i?p:p()rts on the scientific results of the expedition to the
tropical pacific, in charge of alexander aga.ssiz, by the
r. s. fish commlssion steamer "albatross," from august, 1899,
to march, 1900, commander .jefferson f. moser, u. s. n., com-
MANDING.
XIII.
THE SHORE FISHES.
By WILLIAM C. KENDALL and EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
WITH .SEVEN PLATES.
IPiihlishcd by permission of George M. Bowers. U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fislieries.]
CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:
lpriute& for the /iDuseum,
Febru.^ry, 1911.
PRESERVATION MASTER
AT HARVARD
Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical
Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission
Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander
Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., commanding.
XIII.
THE SHORE FISHES.
BY \MLLIAM C. KENDALL AND EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
(rulilishcil liy penriission of Oeo. M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of Fisli and Fisheries.)
INTRODUCTION.
The following report is based upon a collection of shore fishes and a few
surface pelagic fishes made during the expedition of the U. S. Fish Commission
Steamer "Albatross" in 1899 and 1900 under the direction of the late Dr.
Alexander Agassiz.
The places visited are the Marquesas, Paumotu, Society, Cook, Friendly,
Tonga, Fiji, Ellice, Gilbert, Ratak, Marshall, Caroline, and Ladrone Islands
(Guam), descriptions of which appear in Mr. Agassiz's Coral Reefs of the Pacific
(Memoirs M. C. Z. 28, 1903). There is also an account of the native fisheries
in Mr. A. B. Alexander's Notes on the Boats, Apparatus, and Fishing Methods
employed by the natives of the South Sea Islands and results of fishing trials
by the Albatross (Report U. S. F. C. for 1901, 1902, p. 741-829).
Some of the localities yielded many more species than others but this is
doubtless due mainly to more extensive collecting in those places.
While the collection is not a large one, upon the whole, when the unfavorable
conditions and poor facilities for collecting among the coral islands are con-
sidered, a remarkably large number of species was obtained. Many of them,
however, are represented in the collections only by young or immature fishes
difficult of identification.
242 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
In the present paper fifty-three famihes and two hundred and thirty-one
species are represented, of which eight species and one genus, Paragobioides, are
new.
The new species are Kuhlia proxima, Lutianus marginatoides, Therapon
maculatus, Dascyllus pomacentroides, Rupiellia lacunicola, Paragobioides grando-
culis, Petroscirtes quadrimaculatus, and Canthigaster constellatus.
The table (p. 338-343) shows the distribution of the species among the groups
as indicated by the collection.
The Friendly Islands, owing to their proximity to the Tonga Group, have
been included with the latter.
The plates were made from drawings by Miss Violet Dandridge.
Specimens representing 143 species contained in this collection have been
sent to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, others including the tyjies of the
new species to the U. S. National Museum.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES.
CARCHARIDAE.
Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard.
Voy. Uranie. Zool., 1824, p. 194, pi. 43, fig. 1, 2. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,
1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 38, pi. 1.
No. A50, skin of a specimen 36 inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
ALBULIDAE.
Albula vulpes (Linne).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt . 1, p. 55, fig. 9.
Esoj: fuipes Linne, Sy.st. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 313.
Albula gloasodon Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p 385.
Three specimens, No. 08836, 2l to 3 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
M. C. Z. 29467 (1 specimen).
THE SHORE FISHES. 243
CHANIDAE.
Chanos chanos iFok.'skal).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, ]u .50, ti^. 10. Gunther, Fische der
Siidsee, 1900, 8, p. 387.
MiKjU cIhihos Forsk.Il, Di'.script. .-Viiim., 177.5, p. 74.
The collection contains the following specimens from the Paumotu Islands,
Nos. 05833, 05834, and 05835, M. C. Z. 29772, each 7 inches long, from Makemo,
and 05831, M. C. Z. 29771, and 05832, each 7 inches long, from Niau.
CLUPEIDAE.
Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett).
Clnpea dclicalida Bennett, Pz'oc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Loud., 18.31, p. 168.
Si/ralelloidis delicatidus Bleeker, Atla.s Ichth., 1S66-72, 6, p. 89, 9(5, tab. 264, Clup., 6, fig. 3.
No. 09023, fifteen specimens I to 2i^6 inches long, and three specimens. No.
09028, M. C. Z. 29520, li to ll inches long, all from Taritari, Gilbert Islands;
No. 09062, forty-nine specimens Ii^b to ill inches long from Arhno, Marshall
Islands, and two .specimens. No. 09007, small and mutilated, from Rangiroa,
Paumotu Islands.
Harengula kunzei Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 18.56, 12, p. 200.
Clupea (Harengulii) kunzei Bleeker, .\tlas Ichth., 1866-72, 6, p. 89, 91, 100, 107, tab. 263, Clup.
tab. .5, fig. 1.
Clupea hunzii Gunther, Fi.sche der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. 382.
Two specimens. No. 08931 and 09000, 2| and 4l inches long from Jaluit,
Marshall Islands, and eighty-six specimens, Nos. 05791-92, M. C. Z. 29459
(14 specimens) and 09006 (young) Ij to 2 inches long, all from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Harengula sundaica Bleeker.
Clupcu (llaniiyuh!) suiuknca Bleeker, Atlius Ichth., 1866-72, 6, p. 89, 99, 105, tab. 261, Clup. 13,
fig. 5.
Thirty-two specimens. No. 05794, I2 to 3 inches long, from Nukuhiva,
Marquesas Islands. M. C. Z. 29507 (7 specimens).
244 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
Harengula commersoni (Civikk & Valenciennes).
Clupeonina commersoni Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S47, 20, ]). 3.50.
Alausa melanura Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1847, 20, p. 324.
Clupea (Harangula) metanurus Bleekbr, Atlas lohth., 1866-72, 6, [). 89, 101), 111.
Clupea (Paralosa) melanurus, tab. 269, Clu]). 11, fig. .5.
I'Clupea alricauda GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsec, 1909, 8, |>. 381.
Two specimens, Nos. 05788-9, M. C. Z. 29386, each 4? inches long, from
Vavau, Tonga Islands. One specimen, No. 05793, 31 inches, Papeete, Tahiti,
.Society Islands; six specimens, Nos. 08817-19, 08825, 08887-8, 45 to 05
inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
SYNODONTIDAE.
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gabl\rd).
GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsee, 1U09, 8, ]). 376.
Saurus gracilis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranic Zool., 1.S24, p. 224.
One specimen. No. 09005, 62 inches long, from Makemo, Paiunotu Islands.
Three specimens, No. 08907, M. C. Z. 29525, li-2^ inches long, Truk (iroup,
Caroline Islands.
ANGUILLIDAE.
Anguilla mauritiana Bennett.
Proc. Coinni. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1S31, p. 128. Jordan it Seale, Bull. I'. S. Bur. Fish., 190(), 25, p.
192.
No. A196, M. C. Z. 29737, 27 inches, and No. A197, 32 inches long from
Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Anguilla otaheitensis Kaup.
Neue Aalachnliche Fi.sche des Hamburger Mu.s., 18.59, p. 17, tab. 2, fig. 2.
Anguilla anietensis GUnther, Chall. Kept., 1880, ]). .58.
We have the following sjiecimens from Pajieete, Tahiti, Society Islands:
No. A33, a specimen 17j inches long. Vomerine teeth extending almost or
(juite as far back as the maxillary teeth; gajie about 3 in head, extending i)ast
posterior border of eye; dorsal beginning about an inch in fiont of vent.
THE SHORE EISHES. 245
No. A32, a specimen I85 inches long. \'oniei'ine teeth extending nearly as
far l)ack as maxilhxry teeth; gape about 3 in head and extending past posterior
hdi-der of eye; dorsal beginning about f inch in fi'ont of vent.
No. A34, M. C. Z. 29752, a specimen 1.5 inches long. \'omerine teeth not
extending back quite so far as maxillary teeth; gape extending but a little
beyond posterior bordei' of eye, about 3 in head; dorsal beginning about u
inch in front of vent.
A specimen, no tag or locality, 201 inches long. Vomerine teeth not ex-
tending so far back as maxillary; gape about 3 in head extending back con-
siderably farther than eye; dorsal begins li'g inches in front of vent.
Jordan & Seale (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 25, p. 192), place Anguilla aneitensis
Giinther (Chall. Rept. p. 58), as a synonym of .4. megastoma. We cannot see
upon what grounds this is done, as all that Giinther says about it is that it was
a malformed specimen from a river near Lake Waihirra.
Three of our specimens come from the type locality of A. oiaheitensis and
they are undoubtedly that species. There is some variation in the relative
position of the origin of the dorsal and the relative extent of the vomerine teeth,
which suggests that these characters are not of much specific value. The other
specimen shows no tangible differences, and there is a possibility that they all
belong to some earlier described species.
MYRIDAE.
Muraenichthys macropterus Bleekek.
Act. Sof. Sci. Imlo-Xederl., ISW, 4, |). 11, Amboina S, p. 91. Atla.'i Ichth., 18(34, 4, p. :il, tab. 1.51,
Mur. 7, fig. .3.
Six specimens. No. U99G(3, 2§ to 4/6 inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall
Islands. M. C. Z. 29500 (2 specimens).
Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. X(a1. Iiul., lS."i7, 13, p. iJOli. .\tlas Iclitli., l.S(i4, 4, p. ;il, 33, tab. 14,S, Mur. 4, fig. 3.
Three s]:)eciinens, 2f to 3 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. AI. C. Z.
2959-4 (1 specimenj.
246 EXPEDITION OF THE " AI,l?ATROSS," 1S99-11I()().
In dpiital characters our specimens agree with Bleeker's description but the
origin of the dorsal, so far as can be discerned, seems to be situated more poste-
riorly, more like M. gymnotus.
OPHICHTHYIDAE.
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett).
Ophisurus semicinctus Lay & Bennett, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, 1839, p. (i(i, pi. 'iO, tif;. 4,
Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1864, 4, p. 42, tab. 163, Mur. 11), ti;;. 1.
One specimen, No. 09063, 6 inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands.
* MURAENIDAE.
Gymnothorax richardsonii Bleeker.
Atlas Ichth., 1864, 4, p. 85, 100, tab. 186, Mur. tab. 42, fig. 2.
Muraena richardsonii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1852, 3, p. 296.
Two specimens, No. 05783, 05784, M. C. Z. 29792 (small), Bora Bora, Society
Islands.
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl).
Muraena picta Ahl, Specimen Ichthyologicum de Muraena et Opiiichtho, 1789, ji. 8, pi. 2, fig. 2.
The collection contains the following specimens from Paumotu Islands:
No. 08822, 14| inches long from Anaa. No. A52, M. C. Z. 29760 16| inches long
from Fakarava; No. 05771, 13? inches long, No. 05770, 13j inches long, and
No. 05772, M. C. Z. 29761, 14^ inches long, from Makemo. No. A36, 20| inches
long from Tikei. No. A20, 23 inches long from Rangiroa. Another specimen.
No. A156, 18 inches long from Funafuti, EUice Islands, and Nos. 09044, 6 inches
long and 09043, 9? inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
The following notes were taken from the above specimens:
Color of No. 08822, in alcohol, creamy white, thickly speckled with brown
on back and sides, belly plain white, specks arranged in ii-i-ogulai', ci'owded
groups, same color on dorsal fin ; this grouping on the white background gives
a faint reticulated efTect, the reticulations being of the pale color; anal white;
THE SHORE FISHES. 247
dots on the heatl not extending forward beyond posterior edge of eye, or below-
upper jaw, though on one side there are two or three dots in front of eye.
C'oloi' of Nos. 09043-4, in alcohol, ground color yellowish, probably gray
in life; dorsal, back and sides with small irregular brownish rings and broken
rings and irregular groups of coalescing spots; spots on lower side of abdomen
distinct, not coalescing; belly unspotted, top and side of head with small dis-
tinct spots, extending to end of snout, but none on jaws, or under lower jaw.
No. A156, M. C. Z. 29759. This specimen is very thickly speckled with
small purplish brown specks, which sometimes coalesce into larger spots; lower
jaw and throat with numerous small spots and specks; belly plain.
No. A52. Color similar to A156, but with fewer specks on lower jaw and
throat.
No. 05771. Color similar to that of A52.
No. 05770. Color similar to No. 05771, in addition, however, it has a few
small spots on belly; spots on throat and lower jaw are a little larger and more
scattering.
No. A36. Very thickly spotted with larger spots than the last, amongst
which the ground color makes a fine reticulated effect; throat and lower jaw
thickly spotted with comparatively large spots.
No. A20. Color cannot be clearly made out, seemed to be finely speckled;
lower jaw has scattering small spots, none on throat.
No. 05772. Color badly faded, seemed to have had fewer spots, which were
more coalescing into rings and groups; throat not spotted; lower jaw with very
few small specks.
Gymnothorax rupelliae (McClelland).
Dalophis rupvlliue McClelland, CalcutUi .lourn. Nat. Hist., 184.5, 5, p. 213.
Gymnothorax rdictilaris Bleeker, Atlas Ifhth., 1864, 4, j). 85, 98, tab. 177, Mur. 33, lif;. 1, and tab.
183, Mur. 39, fig. 2; tab. 181, Mur. 37, fig. 4 (not of Bloch).
One specimen, No. 05786 (small), Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Gymnothorax tessellatus (Richardson).
Bleekbh, .\llas k'litli., 18tJ4, 4, p. 8.'5, 93, tal). 171, Mur. 27, fig. 3.
Muraena tessellahi^ Richardson, Zool. Voy. Sulphur. Ichth., 1845, p. 109, pi. 55, fig. 5-8.
One specimen, No. 05785, 3| inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
24S EXPEDITION OF TIIK " AL15ATROSS," 1899-1900.
Gymnothorax stellatus (Lacepede).
Muraenophis dellatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1803, 5, p. 622, 629, 644.
Muraena Jimbriala Bennett, Proc. Conim. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831, p. 168. Day, Fi.slics uf India,
1878, p. 670, pi. 172, fig. 1.
No. 05775, a specimen 7| inches long, and U5782, M. C. Z. 29580, 3i inches
long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Echidna tritor \'aillant & Sauvage.
Ri'v. ct M:ig. Zuol., 1S7."), 3, p. 287.
KdiUlna Iviludn .Jenkins, Bull. V. S. Fish Coiimi., HtO:-;, 22, p. 42S, fijr. !). .Jordan & Seai.e, Bull.
U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 203.
No. 05773, a specimen 9j inches long and 05774, M. C. Z. 29579, 5^ inches
long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands. In the position of the vent, which is
nearer the tip of snout than the tip of tail, these specimens agree with E. psalion.
Enchelynassa canina (Qruv & Gaimard).
.I(iKD\N A: Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 26, j). 197.
Miiiaciin canina CJuov & Gaimard, Voy. Uranio. ZdoI., 1824, p. 247.
No. A51, I85 inches long from Fakarava, Pamnotu Islands.
Uropterygius pantherinus (Lesson).
Iiiil/ii/oplii.'i jHiiilhcn'niiJi Lesson, Voy. Coquille. Zool. Poiss., 1830, 2, p. 131, .\tlus, pi. 13.
di/niNiiniiiriii'nd luiitllicrina Bleeker, .\tlas Ifhth., 18()4, 4, p. 112, 113, tab. 17.5, Mur. 31, fig. 3.
Number A49, a specimen 23? inches long from Fakarava, Paumotus.
Sharp curved teeth in both jaws in several irregular rows that are hard to
count ; at least four rows anteriorly, bunched in front of vomer and at the
junction of upper jaw; vomer with two rows of teeth anteriorly, single row
posteriorly, those in front curved backward, the posterior three curved forward.
No vestige of fin except at extremity of tail.
This specimen is very certainly identifiable with (hjmnothontx pdnllivriiKi
in Bleeker's Atlas. Bleeker states that his specimens are quite certainly the
same as Lesson's Ichihijophis jxinlhcrinus, and suggests the possibility of its
being the Gyiniunnuruciui tiiartiKirdld Lacepede. It is, however, quite as certain
THE SHOIJK I'ISHES. 249
thai our siicciiiiens, as well as Bleeker's, are not UyDinoiliorax iimrnKirtda, if
those recorded from the Hawaiian Islands by Jordan & Evermann, and those
from Samoa by Jordan & Seale, are correctly identified.-
While Lesson's Ichthyophis pantherinus has been included in the synonymy
of Uropterygiun marmorata,^ it has not the same character of vertical fins on the
tail, in fact it has practically none, while U. marmorata from Hawaii has the
vertical fins extending a short distance on the tail both above and below. There
is nothing in Lesson's description to show the number of the rows of teeth or
whether the posterior nostril was tubular or not. In fact no posterior nostril
is shown in the figure, but the color, shape, and character of the tail, are much
like those of our specimens, which have the posterior nostril tubular. We there-
fore retain Lesson's specific name and ]:)lace it in L^ropterygius.""
' Uroplerygias marmorata in Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, Jordan & Evermann, is incorrectly illus-
trated by a figure of Callcchelys marmnrala cojjied from tab. 1.53, Mi:r. 11, fig. 2 of Bleeker's .\llas.
Probably Gijmnomnraena macroplerus, p. 113, 115, and G. xanllinplerus, p. 112, 114 and tab. 164, Mur.
20, tigs. 2 and 4 of Bleeker's Atlas and possibly 0. macrocephalus, p. 112, and 114, tab. 160, Mur. 21,
tig. 2, are correctly included in the .synonymy of ['. marmnrata.
-In Fishes of Hawaiian Lsland.s Jordan & Evermann place the genus lclilli\i>phis I.e.s.son in the
synonymy of Uropterygius as follows: "Ichthyophis Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, 1S2!), 2, p. lol, (pan-
Ihcn'iiHs = marmoralm); not of Fitzinger 1829 (1S2()) a genus of reptiles."
.\ls() in their synonymy of Uropterygius iiurrmoratus occurs: — Icldlnjophiti pdiillicriniis L<>s.son,
Voy. Coquille. Zool. PoLss., 1829, 2, p. 131.
In the Proceedings of the 11. S. Nat. Mus. 19(11, 23, p. SS6, Jordan & Snyder estal)lish (lie genus
Scuticaria, retaining as type of the genus Ichlhiinpliis li(/riiiui> Le.sson, having the posterior as well as
the anterior nostril tubular.
In Fislies of Hawaiian Islands, (Bull. U. S. Fish Conim. 190.'), 23, pt . 1, p. 1 12) Jordan & Evermann in
the synonymy of Scuticaria have: — " M uracnntiknna Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish., 97, 18.56 (tlqrina); not of
Laccpede, 1803, which is a Myxine." In the same work (p. 113) in the .synonymy of Sciiticura tigrinn,
they include " Ichlhyophin ligrinus Lesson, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, 399, 1S29." Riippell sliows,
in the figure of Uropterygius concolor, a short tube at posterior nostril, and says in the description of this
species: — "Nasenlocher wie gewohnlieh bei den Muraencn niit Kurzcn Hautfiihlern versehen." This
does not necessarily exclude posterior nostrils.
Jordan & Evermann in the description of ('. marniorata, state that the anterior nostrils afe in short
tubes and the posterior have elevated rims. A specimen of theirs, from the Hawaiian Islands, shows
the posterior tube as long as the anterior. Specimens in the V. S. Nat. Mus. from the same locality
and labeled Uropterygius marmorata, that are .5 to 6 inches long, show, in the smaller examples, no rim,
and in the larger, a very slight rim at posterior nostril.
These resemble specimens of the same size from Samoa, labeled Uropterygius concolor, all of which
are exactly like specimens in our collection which we have identified as young U. marmorata. Larger
si)ecimens from Samoa labeled "Scuticaria marmorata," show imsterior nostril tubes as they are in a
sjiecimen of Scuticaria tigrinus of the same size from Hawaii.
It Ihus seems that the presence or absence of posterior nasal tubes affortls no basis for separating
Uie genera on this character, and the genus Scuticaria will have to be dropped in favor of Uropterygius.
The type of Irhllii/ophis is tigrinus and not piintlicriniis (Lesson, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1S2S,
4, p. 400).
250 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALUATliOSS," 1899-1900.
Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacepede).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. >S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. HI, fig. 33.
Gymnnmnrdcnn mnrmorata Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1803, 5, p. 648.
We have the following specimens from Paumotu Islands: —
Nos. A54, 05776, 05777, M. C. Z. 29581, 4 to 9^ inches long from Fakarava,
and 05787, two small specimens from Makemo, M. C. Z. 29471.
In No. A54 the color in alcohol is dark olive-green, thickly marbled with
darker ; fins at the end of the tail not noticeably lighter.
In the smaller (young) examples, in which we can detect no other tangible
differences, the color is uniform purplish brown without evident marbling, fins
at the tail yellowish white.
U. marmoratus and concolor are very probably the same species. In very
young individuals we can find no differences except a slight difference in color
and these do not show in alcoholic specimens.
Uropterygius concolor Rippell.
Xeuc Wirh. Kischc, 1835, p. 83, taf. 20, fig. 4.
Two specimens. No. 09009, lii and 2§ inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu
Islands. M. C. Z. 29475 (1 specimen).
BELONIDAE.
Belone platyura Bennett.
Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830, p. 1(J8. GC'.ntheh, Fischc iler .Siidsee, Ul()!», 8, p. 349.
Three specimens, No. A 13(3, 12 to 14? inches long from Kambara, Fiji
Islands.
The specimen numbered A136 has dorsal I, 14; anal I, 17; eye equals inter-
orbital; another specimen has dorsal I, 13; anal I, 17; eye slightly greater
than interorbital width; the other has dorsal I, 13; anal I, 18; eye slightly
greater than interorbital width.
Another specimen, No. 08847, M. ('. Z. 29774, 13 inches long from Funafuti,
has dorsal I, 14; anal I, 18; eye etiiials interorbital.
THE SHORE ETSHES. 251
HEMIRAMPHIDAE.
Hemiramphus dussumierii Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1846, 19, p. 33 (24), ])1. .554. CU'nthkr, Fischo der Siidsee, 1909, 8, ]i. 3.54.
Five specimens, No. A117, 85 to 10 inches long from Namuku, Tonga Is-
lands, give the following measurements: —
Dor.sal I, 15; A. I, 14; dorsal and anal scaled, the anal especially so; ventral
nearer caudal than head; scales 52?
Dorsal I, 13; A. I, 13; dorsal scaled, the anal slightly so; ventral midway
between head and base of caudal, slightly nearer head if anything; scales 52?
Dorsal I, 14; A. I, 13; dorsal and anal scaled; ventral exactly midway
between head and base of caudal ; scales 55.
Dorsal I, 13; A. I, 13; dorsal and anal scaled; base of ventral slightly nearer
caudal than head; scales about 55.
Dorsal I, 14; A. I, 14, no scales on dorsal; anal closely scaled; base of
ventral midway between head and caudal, scales about 52; eye ecjuals inter-
orbital, 1.25 in postorbital part of head.
The collection also contains the following specimens : —
No. 09034, 3^ inches long from Mille, Marshall Islands. No. 08947, 8 inches
long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Twenty-one specimens (young) from
Fakarava, Paumotu Islands. Seven specimens 85 to 10| inches long, and Nos.
A121, M. C. Z. 29731, A122, 8 and 11 inches long, from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
No. A147, II5 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. One specimen, No. 09013
(young) from Guam. This specimen had dorsal 15; anal 14; scales about
52; ventral midway between caudal and head.
Hemiramphus affinis Gunther.
Cat., 1866, 6, p. 267.
One specimen. No. 09045, M. C. Z. 29503, 4| inches long from Tarawa,
Gilbert Islands. Dorsal I, 15; scales about 60; ventral nearer caudal than head.
One specimen, No. 08958, 9ie inches long, from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Two specimens taken in the Caroline Islands, one No. 08958, 9io inches
long at Kusaie, and one No. 09058, 3 inches long at Moen. This last specimen
has 16 dorsal rays and 16 anal rays, ventral midway between head and caudal.
252 EXPRDTTTOX OF THE " ATJ5ATR0SS," 1899-1900.
Seventeen specimens from Marshall Islands, two of them, No. 08959, 5/o and
52 inches long from Wotje Atoll; fourteen of thoin (young) No. 09075 and one
small mutilated specimen, No. 09041 from Arhno.
Hemiramphus far (Forsk.Il).
GoNTHER, Fische der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. .357.
Esnx far ForskAl, Descript. Anim., 177.5, p. 67.
No. A118, a specimen 17 inches long and No. A119, M. C. Z. 29730, 15 inches
long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
GuNTHER, Fisehe der Sttdsee, 1909, 8, p. 3.58.
flcinirhamphu.'i dinpar Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S4G, 19, p. 42 (.58), pi. .558.
Zdiiarchoplfrus vaisiganis .Jordan' & Seale, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 208, tig. 11.
Two specimens, Nos. 09022, and 08925, M. C. Z. 29366, 6b and 650 inches
long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Fourteen specimens, Nos. 08881 and 08993,
4| to 64 inches long, and No. 05943, in very bad condition, all from Suva, Fiji.
Two specimens. No. 09094, M. C. Z. 29390 from Guam, very bad condition,
unidentifiable with certainty, with longer bill than the others, but this seems
to be an age character.
All these specimens have been compared with specimens in the U. S.
National Museum, with three specimens of Z. dispar from the Philippines, with
types and cotypes of Z. vaisiganis, with descriptions and figures in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, Bleeker, and in Day, and no differences can be detected
by which to separate them from Z. dispar; Z. vaisiganis seems identical.
EXOCOETIDAE.
Exocoetus volitans Linne.
Sy.st. Nat. cd. 10, 1758, p. .316. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Coram., 1905, 23, pt. 1,
p. 133, tig. 45.
No. 05809, 1^6 inches long from tow-net, open Pacific, Albatross, Sept. 8,
1899, 8 p. M., in Lat. 4°, 35' N., Long. 136°, 54' W.
THE SHORE FISHES. 253
This is jH-ovisionally itlcntified as above, it being too small for positive iden-
tification.
Back dark brown, lower parts silvery; dark brown band extending between
the posterior half of dorsal and anal and extending somewhat on fins; base of
caudal dark brown; pectorals pale with a large very dark brown blotch, occu-
pying upper posterior half of fin, but not extending to the tips of the rays
which are pale.
Cypsilurus speculiger (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 209, fig. V.i (poor).
Exocoelus speculiger Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1846, 19, p. 69 (94). Gunther, Fisohc der
Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. 366.
No. A200, M. C. Z. 29765, two specimens 10 and 1 1 inches long from off ( !uam.
Cypsilurus bahiensis (Ranzani).
.Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, p. 136.
Exocoelus bcihiensis Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Xc. Sci. Inst. Boiion., 1S42, 5, p. 320, pi. 3S. Oi'-nther,
Fisohe der Stidsee, 1909, 8, p. 369.
No. A184, 12 inches long from Arhno, Marshall Islands.
This specimen agrees very well with Day's description (Fishes of India,
p. 519) except that, in our specimen, the anal fin is inserted opposite the end of
the first third of the dorsal. Day says that it commences below the last thii'd
of dorsal fin, but his figure (Plate 121, fig. 10) shows that it commences very
slightly in advance of the middle of the dorsal.
ATHERINIDAE.
Atherina lacunosa Forster.
Block & Schneider, Syst Ichth., 1801, p. 112. Descript. Anira. Ed. Lichtenstein, 1844, p.
298. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 183.5, 10, p. 337 (4.54).
Sixteen specimens, No. 09078, 1 to 2| inches long from Wotje Atoll, Marshall
Islands. Also M. C. Z. 29464, No. 09084, if inches long, from Moen, Truk
Group, Caroline Islands.
Dorsal VI to VII — I, 9 to I, 10; anal I, 12 to I, 14; scales about 44 or 45
counting entire longitudinal series. Of six specimens three have 6 dorsal spines
254 KXPKDITIOX OF THE " ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
and three have 7; only one has 9 rays, the rest have 10. Of the anal rays, one
has 12, four have 13, the others have 14.
Atherina endrachtensis QroY & Gaimart).
Voy. Uranio. Zool., 182.5, p. .3.34. Gunther, Cat., 1861, 3, p. 401.
Four specimens from Marshall Islands, No. U9035, I2 inches with dorsal
VII-I, 10; anal I, 10 or 11 from Likieb and three specimens, No. 09071, li^g to
2g inches long from Ahrno. Origin of dorsal a little nearer ventral than anal.
1. D. VII-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11; scales 42 counting all the developed scales
in longitudinal series.
2. D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11; scales 42.
3. D. V-I, 9; A. I, 11; scales 42.
Fourteen specimens from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands, as follows: —
No. 09084 (part) six specimens li to ll inches long and No. 08906 (part)
eight specimens, M. C. Z. 29394, to l| inches long.
No. 08906, had D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11 for seven specimens, the other
specimen has D. VII-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11.
Twenty-seven specimens, No. 09055 (poor condition) 1 to li'g inches long,
from Suva, Fiji Islands. Five specimens, li to li inches long from Rangiroa,
Paumotu Islands.
One specimen, part of No. 09017, li inches long from Guam.
Head 21 in length; depth 5i; eye about equal interorbital, 2i in head;
snout about | of eye; mouth very oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin
of eye ; origin of dorsal slightly nearer ventral than anal, about midway between
tip of snout and base of caudal.
We have identified this as A. endrachtensis, although it differs slightly from
current descriptions, most noticeably in length of snout and width of inter-
orbital. It is close to A. vaigiensis, but is generally more slender and with a
deeper caudal peduncle, proportionally smaller eye, and considerably longer
snout.
THE SHORE FISHES. 255
Atherina vaigiensis (^I'ov & Gaimari).
Voy. rranif. Zool., lS2o, |). oiri.
Fifteen specimens, No. 05820, 85 to 4| inches long from Makemo, Paumotu
Islands. Six specimens No. 09017, I5 to 2 inches long from Guam. One hun-
dred antl thirty-eight specimens from Moen, Ti'uk Group, Caroline Islands,
as follows: —
M. C. Z. 29394, No. 08906, forty-eight specimens 1^ to 2? inches, M. C. Z.
29488, No. 09084, thirty-one specimens ll to 2^ inches, and No. 08983, fifty-
nine specimens 1 to 3| inches long.
Of the 59 specimens twenty examined show dorsal spines to vary from IV
to VI, and rays 1, 10 or 11 ; anal I, 14 to I, 16; there are but two with IV spines
in dorsal, seven with Y, and eleven with VI. There are five with 10 dorsal
rays, the others having 11 rays. There are three with 14 anal rays, sixteen with
15 rays, and one with 16 rays. There seems to be a true spine in front of the
anal and a simple ray in front of the dorsal. Scales range from 43-46 but they
cannot be counted with certainty, three of them apparently having 43, thirteen
44, two 45, and two 46. The eyes vary somewhat in relation to interorbital,
but this is due doubtless to the action of the preservative. In some instances
the eye is very little longer than interorbital width, in others somewhat more
so, and in others very much more .so. Some of these specimens have a slightly
longer maxillary than others, and some are somewhat darker than others.
These latter differences do not seem to be related to anj^ particular variation
shown in the other differences mentioned.
Giinther has identified this species, erroneously we believe, with Atherina
lacxmosa. It is very close to, if not identical with, Atherina forskalii of Riippell.
It agrees with Day's description and figure of A. forskalii.
Atherina uisila Jordan & Seale.
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 191)0, 25, p. 21(i, fig. 23.
One specimen No. 09046, 3? inches long from Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Dorsal VI-I, 9; anal I, 12; scales 44 (48).
256 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
MUGILIDAE.
Liza caeruleomaculatus (Laiepkde).
Jordan & Seai.e, Bull, l", S. Bun Fish., 190(), 25, p. 217.
Mugil cnenilvomaciihitii^ Lacepeue, Hist. Xat. Poiss., 1S03, 5, p. 385, 386, 389, 392.
Sixteen specimens from Caroline Islands, No. 09090, fifteen specimens
1§ to l| inches long from Moen and one specimen. No. 09020, (ii inches long
from Kusaie. Thirty specimens. No. 05818, 2 to 2| inches long from Vavau,
Tonga Islands. Sixteen specimens, M. C. Z., 27510, 1 to 2^ inches long, from
Tongatabu, Tonga Islands. One specimen M. C. Z. 29532, 2 inches long
from Suva, Fiji Islands. Three specimens. No. 08981 (part) each I5 inches
long from Guam.
Liza melinoptera (Cuvier & V.\lenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190(j, 25, p. 217.
Magil melinnptern Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1836, 11, p. 108 (UC).
Three specimens l\ to li inches long from Tongatalni, Tonga Islands.
M. C. Z. 29418 (1 specimen).
Liza troschelii (Bleeker).
Mugil troitchelii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Iiid., IS.'iS, 16, p. 277. Gt'xTHEU, Cat., 1861, 3, |>. 448.
Seventeen specimens, 2| to 4^ inches long and No. 05813, 4 inches long from
Makemo, Paumotu Islands. Thirty specimens, 05814, Ig to 4 inches long from
Bora Bora, Society Islands. One specimen, No. 09095, M. C. Z. 29529, 4^
inches long, from Ponapi, Caroline Islands. Five specimens, No. 08933, M. C. Z.,
29506, 1 to 2| inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. Three specimens, Nos.
08884-6, 45 to 5§ inches long, and two specimens, M. C. Z. 29509, 2 and 2i inches
long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Ten specimens, 5 to 6| inches long, from Aitutaki,
Cook Islands. Three specimens Nos. 08877, 08972, 08968, 2i to 8 inches long
from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Nine specimens. No. 08980, 1 to 2 inches long
from Guam. Seventeen specimens from Tonga Islands, M. C. Z. 29479, 1
specimen, 14 specimens, M. C. Z. 29484, 5 to 2| inches long from Eua, Friendly
THE SHORE FISHES. 257
(iroup, and No. Alio, a specimen 9| inches long, No. 05S17, 4^ inches long,
No. 08940, 4| inches long.
A 115, has in iijiper lip a single row of outer close set teeth and behind these
a band oi slightly smaller teeth, close set and in several series ; anal rays 9; scales
34, 1 1 in transverse series, pectoral j^ale, no axillary spot ; at least the anterior
third of anal in advance of soft dorsal.
Liza vaigiensis CQuoy & Gaimard).
Mugil vaigiensis QuoY & Gaimard, \'uy. Uniuit'. Zool., 1S2.5, p. 337, pi. 59, fig. 2.
Miigil lonigiensis Jordan & Seale, Bull. II. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 218.
One specimen. No. 08827, 7 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Three
specimens, Nos. 08843, 08970-71, 2^6 to 3| inches long from Funafuti, Ellice
Islands. Eight specimens. No. 09042, M. C. Z. 29478, 2 to 2\ inches long from
Marshall Islands. Four specimens No. 08984, M. C. Z. 29473, li to li inches
long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands. ' Ten specimens from Paumotu
Islands, seven of them No. 05815, li to 3i inches long from Makemo, and Nos.
A28, 8^ inches, A13, M. C. Z. 29785, 8i inches, and A26, 8i inches long from
Rangiroa. No. A146, M. C. Z. 29781, a specimen 8 inches long from Suva,
Fiji Islands.
In the A numbers the scales are 26 plus a few rudiments, 9 in cross series
from front of dorsal to vent; minute wide set teeth in upper jaw in a single
series; anal 8; all have black pectorals with lower part pale.
Four specimens from Tonga Islands, one of them. No. 05819, 3 inches long
from \'avau, and three specimens li to li inches long from Tongatabu.
Fourteen specimens, No. 09016 (young), M. C. Z. 29531, from Guam.
L. vaigiensis and L. melinopteras are separated only by the numbers of anal
rays, the former having eight and 7v. iwe/wopieras having nine. The last anal
ray is frequently divided to the base and it is difficult to say whether there
are 8 or 9 rays. We do not believe the species different, Giinther (Fische der
Siidsee) unites them.
The name vaigiensis has priority.
258 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALHATROSS," 1899-1900.
Liza borneensis (Bleeker).
Miiffil borneensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Xcd. Ind., 1S,51, 2, p. '201. D.w, Fishes of India, 1876, p.
357, pi. 76, fig. 1.
One specimen, No. 08810, M. C. Z. 29794, al inches long (poor condition),
from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Three specimens from Vavau, Tonga Islands,
No. AI31, 5| inches long; No. 08893, 85 inches long, and No. A120, 111 inches
long. No. AI20 has teeth in two rows in upper jaw; dorsal IV-8; anal III, 9;
scales 35, II in cross series. Nos. 08810 and A13I, M. C. Z. 29778, show no
teeth in upper jaw, the latter has 19 scales before dorsal, a moderately long
axillary scale, otherwi.se it agrees very well with Day's description of L. borneensis.
Liza compressa (Gi-nther).
Mugil compressus Gunther, Cat., IStil, 3, p. 51.
One specimen. No. 0SS15 (about (i inches long), from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Liza crenilabis (Forsk.\l).
Mugil crenilabis Forskal, Descrip. Anim., 1775, p. 73.
Queriinana crenilcibis, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 21S.
Four specimens. No. 08981, Ij to I5 inches long from Guam. Four specimens.
No. 05816, M. C. Z. 29376, Is to Ig inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
No. A193, a specimen 81 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. No.
A193 has head 4.66 in body; depth 4.17; eye 4 in head; dorsal IV-I, 8; anal
III, 9 or 10; first dorsal midway between snout and base of caudal; origin of
anal slightly in advance of dorsal; origin of first dorsal over lOth scale, second
over 21st; a long scale in axil of pectoral and in axis of ventral and one on each
side of spinous dorsal.
Neomyxus.
The genus Myxus based on M. elongatus Gunther, Cat., 3, 466, has according
to Gunther "a single row of teeth on the upper jaw, sometimes in the lower and
on the palate; upper lip not particularly thick."
Specimens in the U. S. National Museum from Bateman Bay, N. S. Wales,
Australia, called Myxua elongatus, agree in having a moderately thick upper
THE SHORE FISHES. 259
lip, with ;i single row of teeth which are short, compressed and either I'ouiidetl or
slightly notched and slightly constricted at the base; lower lip with an outer
fringe of fine sinijile cilia and some very much hner, scattered ciliae on its upper
surface; man>- lows of small, sharp, curved teeth on vomer and jialatines.
Chaenomugil of (!ill is based on Mugil proboscideus Giinther. The generic
characters according to Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, p. 169, are: ''the
longitudinal cleft of the mouth, the narrow and pointed lower jaw and the thick
and angular upper lip"; the last of which is the only one in this description
which actually separates it from Myxus.
In Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, .loidan t^- Evermann give as generic
characters of Chaenomugil, "Cleft of mouth lateral; lower jaw narrow; denti-
form cilia in very many series, broad fiat and somewhat paved ; upper lip very
thick; no adipose eyehd."
Species of Chaenomugil proboscideus in the U. S. National Museum col-
lected at Mazatlan by Dr. Jortlan, and probably identified by him, agree in the
above characters and differ from Myxus elongatus in having no vomerine or
palatine teeth; they also agree with the specific requirements of C. proboscideus
as given l)y Giinther.
In Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, .lordaii it Evermann describe and figure a
species which they identify as Chaenomugil chapiali and include in its synonymy
Myxus {Neomyxus) sclateri Steindachni'r. They give another sjjecies which
they identify as Myxus pacificus Steindachfier, but in the synonymy of the
genus Myxus they give Neomyxus Steindachner, based on A", sclateri.
Specimens in the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries reserve series, and U. S. National
Museum labeled Chaenomugil chapiali from the Hawaiian Islands, being the
specimens upon which Jordan & Evermann based their descriptions, agree
neither with the generic requirements of Chaenomugil nor Myxus but agree
perfectly with Steindachner's description of Myxus (Neomyxus sclateri) in which
the rather slcMider labial ciliaform, pectinate, movable teeth are in two rows in
each liji with sometimes a portion of a thii-d row indicated. The character of
these teeth, so widely different from those of Myxus, and the difference in the
number of rows from those of Chaenomugil were indicated by Steindachner as
sufficient basis for a new subgenus. We believe it, however, to be of generic
value and that Neomyxus is a good genus.
260 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
In Fishes of Samoa, Jordan & Seale have represented the genus Myxus with
one species, M. leuciscus, and Chaenomugil with two species, C. chaptali Eydoux
& Souleyet and C. nauticus Bryan & Herre.
In the synonymy of C. chaptali they place Myxus pacificus Steindachner,
and in a translation of Steindachner's description by Jordan & Evermaini in
Fishes of Hawaii, it is indicated that there are two rows of small movable
teeth on the upper lip. Steindachner states that the intermaxillary has a band
of small movable teeth in which those of the outer row are larger than those
of the other rows; the border of the mandible is sharp, with a horizontal row
of small movable teeth; he also distinctly states that the upper li]i is rather
small and the eye has a well developed adipose eyelid.
This last character removes it from Chaenomugil or Myxus. In the descrij)-
tion of Chaenomugil nauticus Bryan & Herre, the teeth are not described with
sufficient definiteness to indicate clearly whether it is a Chaenomugil or Neo-
myxus but the upper lips "not thick" would indicate that it belongs to the latter
genus. Furthermore there is nothing in the description to indicate that it is
not a Neomyxus. In the larger number of scales, large eye?, narrow inter-
orbital, and long first ray of dorsal and of anal it seems to differ from any de-
scribed species.
Neomyxus chaptali (I^ydoux & Souleyet).
Mugil chaplati Eydoux & Souleyet, Voyage Bonitc. ZooL, 1842, 1, )). 171, pi. 4, fis- 1.
Myxus (Nenmi/.rus) sclalen Steindachner, Sitz Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1878, 77, ]). 384.
Chaenomugil chaptalii Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, p. 40, fig. 4i).
One specimen. No. 08834, 3^ inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands,
three specimens. No. 08981, each 2 inches long from Guam; three specimens;
No. 08914, M. C. Z. 29514, l| to 2 inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall
Islands; twenty-two specimens. No. OoSKi, \l to 2s inches long from Makemo,
Paumotu Islands.
No. 08834 has head 3.73 in length; depth 4.17; eye 3.8 in head; inferoihital
2.37; dorsal midway between snout and liase of caudal; origin of anal one half
in advance of dorsal; maxillary hidden; cilia in two rows in each jaw; dorsal
IV-1, 9; A. 11, I, 10; scales 13 or 14-44 or 45.
THE SHOIUO FISHES. 261
One of No. 0581(), 28 inclics loiiK had head 3. Go in length, de))lli 4.2; eye 3
in liead; tlorsal midway l:)et\veen snout and base of caudal; anal oi'igin 5 in
advance of dorsal; maxillary hidden; cilia in two rows in each jaw; dorsal
IV-I, 9; anal II, I, 10; scales 13 or 14-45; preorbital serrated at extremity.
SPHYRAENIDAE.
Sphyraena obtusata Ci'vikh & \'alenciennes.
-Hist. Niit. Poiss., lS2i), 3, 1). :i50 (2.58).
SphyriiiiKi f<}i:sl(ii .Iokiiax A' Skai.e, Bull. IJur. Fish., 100(1, 25. p. 211), not (if Cuvicr & Viilenciomics.
One specimen, I2 inches long from Moen, Truk (!roup, Caroline Islands.
Two specimens, No. A141, 14^ inches long, and A142, 1(5 inches long, from Suva,
Fiji Islands.
No. A141 M. C. Z. 29719, has 85 developed scales; two black spots on
caudal peduncle on right side, the anterior of which is on lateral line, the pos-
terior near the end of the series of large scales just above lateral line; on left
side two spots, first on lateral line and second just below the lateral line and in
line with front half of soft dorsal.
No. A142; Head 3.2(j in length without caudal; eye 5.88 in head, equal to
interorbital; snout 2.25; maxillary 2.12; mandible 1.49; dorsal V-I, 9; A.
I, 8; developed scales in longitudinal series just above lateral line about 85.
There are two spots on right side of caudal peduncle not so far back as in the
other specimen, the posterior spot just below the lateral line; on the left side
there is only one spot, f)n the caudal peduncle, the lower part of which touches
the lateral line.
These specimens have been compared with a specimen about 9? inches
long from Apia, Samoa, identified by .Jordan it Seale as Sphyraena Jorsteri,
and we can detect no differences except those that can be accounted for by the
difference in size. It shows the following measurements: —
Head 3.17; depth 6.70; eye 5.70; snout 2.18; maxillary 2.18; mandible
1.50; interorbital 0.33; dorsal V-I, 9; anal I, 8; scales about 85.
The specimen which .Jordan and Seale identified as Sphyraena obtusata is
not available.
262 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
Sphyraena forsteri ('i'viek & \'alenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1829, 3, p. 201 (353) and La Spliyrene dc Forster, ibid., 1831, 7, ]i. 382 (.509).
Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 18.52, 3, p. 82.
Sphyraena loxeuma Fowler, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, sit. 2, 12, p. .502, pi. 9, fig. 2 (iiiidcllf).
One specimen, No. A140, 17| inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
This specimen agrees almost exactly with the description and figure of
Sphyraena toxeuma Fowler (loc. cit.). Our specimen has 120 developed scales,
but counting to a line across from origin of marginal caudal rays there are only
110.
Head from tip of snout 3.23 in length without caudal, from tip of lower
jaw 2.97; eye 4.88 in head, considerably greater than interorbital, 2.28 in snout;
maxillary not quite reaching eye, 2.21+ in head; mandible 1.46+ ; dorsal
V-I, 10; anal II, 8; scales 13-120-13 (oblique rows counted downward and
forward from front of first dorsal to and including the one in lateral line, and
from lateral line to front of anal.
S. toxeuma is based on a specimen which Fowler considers specifically identi-
cal with a species described by Bleeker and referred with doubt to 5^. forsteri.
Fowler considers Giinther's Sudsee figure of a fish from Tahiti as certainly
referable to S. forsteri. It shows more longitudinal scales and a much smaller
eye.
S. forsteri of Giinther, Cat., 2, p. 337, is doubtless the same as Bleeker's,
so far as the description indicates, but his figure in Sudsee is of a different species
with a much smaller eye. The statement in the description that the scales
are 90 must be an error, as many more are shown in the figure.
The description of " Sphyraena fors(eri'"m Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, 3,
is based on a drawing made by Forster from a specimen taken at Otaiti, but the
description is brief and insufficient and there is no character mentioned to
distinguish it. It is stated, however, that the form is exactly that of the Sphy-
raena of Europe. In that species the eye is 8 in head and the scales 150 accord-
ing to Cuvier & Valenciennes. But nothing indicates that these are .so in S.
forsteri. In the additions and corrections in vol. 7 (Hist. Nat. Poiss.), it is
stated however that further specimens show that it is really different. Its
dorsal and ventrals are advanced, as in S. jclla, in iront of the {)oints of the pec-
THE SHORK FISHES. 2(33
toral, tlw eye is very large, therefore it would seem that if the name of C'uvier ct
Valenciennes is used it nnist be applied to a large-eyed species, such as S. for-
stcri of Bleeker, and of (Uinther Catalogue 2, and it will include .S. {oxeuuia
Fowler. But it is not S. forsteri of Giinther's Siidsee, with its small eye, accord-
ingly the latter must be identified with some other species or be given a new name.
It may be Sphyraena jello Cuvier & Valenciennes, with Day's description of
which the figure agrees fairly well.
Sphyraena forsteri of Jordan & Scale, Fishes of Samoa is specihcally identical
with the form that we have identified with S. obtusata.
POLYNEMIDAE.
Polydactylus kuru (Bleeker).
Polyiicmits L-uni Hleekek, X.it. Tijils. X(-(l. Ind., IS.M, 2, ji. (iOU. CIuxtheh, Cat., 1S60, 2, p. 32.5.
Twenty-three specimens. No. 05S36, Al. C Z. 29779, 2j to 8 inches long
from Nukuhiva, ^Marquesas Islands. Dorsal VIII-I, 13; anal III, 11; scales
about 60; pectoral filaments 6; caudal long, upper lobe 3.33 in total length.
FISTULARIDAE.
Fistularia petimba LACEpf:DE.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S03, 5, p. 349, 350.
Fisliiltiriu (Ici/n-ssa Gunther, Fi.schc dcr Siidst'c, 1881, 7, p. 221.
Twenty specimens (young), from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands. Two
specimens, No. 09074 (small, dried up), from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands.
One specimen. No. 0S900, 82 inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline
Islands. No. 05810, 14^ inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands. No. 05812,
44 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Three specimens from the Paumotu
Islands as follows: Nos. A67, M. C. Z. 29724, 26 inches long, and A64, 26 inches
long from Makemo; and 05811, IO4 inches long from Fakarava.
264 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
SYNGNATHIDAE.
Corythroichthys conspicillatus (Jenyns).
Synynalhun cutis i>icillalus Jenyns, Zool. Voy. Beagle. Fish, 1812, pt. 4, p. 147, pi. 27, tij;. 4.
GiJNTHER, Cat., 1870, 8, p. 174.
Two specimens, No. 08929, a male 5§ inches long and No. 08930, a female 5§
inches long, from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
The male specimen has dorsal 28; rings 17+37. The female specimen has
dorsal 29; rings 17+36. M. C. Z. 29387.
Corythroichthys specif er (RCppell).
Sijngniilhiis spccifcr Ruppell, Xeue Wirb. Fi.sclie, 1S3.5, p. 143, taf. 33, fig. 4. Gunthek, Cat.,
1870, 8, p. 172.
One specimen. No. 08992, 5i^6 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Microphis brachyurus (Rleeker).
jSi/ngnalhiis limchyiiruti Bleeker, \'erh. Bat. ticiiDiil., 1M.53, 25, ]). 111. Xat. Tijcl.-i. Xed. Iiid., 18.54,
7, p. 105. GtiNTHER, Cat., 1870, 8, p. 184.
Two specimens, Nos. 08990-1, each 02 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline
Islands.
No. 08990 has the rings 21 +22; dorsal on i+8; dorsal rays 39; head 4+ in
total length; snout not quite twice rest of head. No. 08991, M. C. Z. 29401,
has the rings 21+23; dorsal on -2+8; dorsal i-ays 42; head 4+ in total length;
snout nearly twice rest of head.
Hippocampus guttulatus Ccvier.
Hogne Anim. ed. 2, l.s2il, 2, p. 363. Gunthek, Cat., 1S7(), 8, |). 202.
One specimen. No. 09031, 4 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands, an adult
with i)ouch full of young.
Dorsal rays 17; body rings 11; branching filaments on the most ])romin(Mit
spines of head ami Ijody, some elsewhere over the l)ody, these mostly simple.
Color, uniform dark lirown.
THE SHORE EISHES. 265
HOLOCENTRIDAE.
Holocentrus spinifer (Fokskal).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 223.
Sciaena spinifer Forskal, Descript. Anim., 177.5, ]). 49.
No. A81, 12? inches long, from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
Traces of red spots behind eye and base of pectoral; no distinct whitish
spot on caudal peduncle above, but it is slightly lighter or silvery; preopercle
very oblique ; not vertical as in H. caudimaculatus.
Holocentrus tiereoides Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 18.53, 5. p. 334. Bryan & Herre, Occ. Pai)ers Bishop Mu.scum, 1903, 2, p. 12S.
No. 05844, 4| inches long, and No. 05845, 4^ inches long from Papeete,
Tahiti, Society Islands; No. 08966, Si inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Holocentrus punctatissimus (iiviek & \'ai,enciennes.
Hist. Nat, Poiss., 1S29, 3, ji. 160 (21.5). .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, ]>. 224.
Nos. 05843, 21 inches long, 05841, 4 inches long, 05842, 4 inches and 05837,
45 inches, from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. M. C. Z. 29389.
Holocentrus diadema Lacepede.
Hist. Nat. Boi.ss., 1S02, 4, p. 33.5, 372, 374, pi. 32, hg. 3. Jordan & Evehmann, Bull. L'. S. Fish
Conim., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 159, ])!. 10.
One specimen, No. 05846, 21 inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Holocentrus sammara (Forsk.Il).
Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1.S77-78, 9, tab. 3ti0, Trachichth. 6, fig. 9 (Hguri- only).
Sciaena sammara Forskal, Descript. Anim., 177.5, p. 48.
Flammeo aclironuipterus Fowler, Pror. .Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 236, fig. (i.
No. 08875, 5-2 inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. P'our specimens
from Paumotu Islands, No. 05840, 6 inches long, and No. 05839, M. ('. Z. 29372,
65 inches long from Makemo, and two specimens (young) from Fakarava.
266 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALHATllOSS," 1899-1900.
Three specimens, Nos. 08869, 08870, 08871, 31, 5? and 5| inches lung from
Suva, Fiji Islands.
The two specimens from Makemo seem to be typically colored, except the
dorsal which lacks the black spot on the front of spinous portion, but there is a
faint suggestion of a dusky band below the upper margin of the membrane;
and there are milky white blotches at the upper margin of the membrane im-
mediately behind each spine. In this respect they agree with Bleeker's figure
of this species in Atlas Ichth., 9, pi. 360, fig. 5.
The one from Taritari is nuich paler in color, the longitudinal bands hardly
indicated, and those only on the back above the lateral line; faint spots on cheek
and spinous dorsal similar to those above.
In reserve series of Bureau of Fisheries the specimens marked H. laevis fi-om
Dr. Jordan's Samoan collections, and regarding which he says thei-e is never
any black on spinous dorsal, two are similai' in coloration to our pale examples
of H. suinmura from Makemo; one has a black blotch on the front of spinous
dorsal, but is otherwise incUstinguishable from the other specimens, except that
the bands along the sides are a little more distinct than in the other two: we
cannot separate them from H. samrnant. In Fishes of tSamoa, H. thornlonensis
Fowler is included in synonymy of H. mrnmara, which cannot be correct if
Fowler's figure can be relied upon, as it has with lower jaw included a very
different head.
CARANGIDAE.
Scomberoides sanctipetri (Civikk & \'alenciennes).
.JijKiJAN & KvERMANN, Bull. U. ,S. Fisli. C'oinin., 190.5, 23, i)t. 1, p. 181.
Choniiciiiiis sancli iiiiri Crv. & \ \h.. Hist. Xat. Poiss., 1831, 8, p. 279 (379), pi. 236.
No. A 10, a specimen 10 inches long from Nukahiva, Marquesas Islands.
Depth 4 in length to end of scales; head 5; eye (not orbit) 5 in head, about 1.5 in
snout; maxillary reaches to posterior margin of eye; dorsal spines do not
overlap, not reaching each other; dorsal \TI, I, 20; anal II, I, IS; teeth in
several series in up]ier jaw anteriorly, becoming two series posterioily, the
other series are the largest anteriorly, the inner is the larger of the two poste-
rior series; in lower jaw the teeth are similar td those of upper jaw, but the
THE SHOIIE FISHES. 267
outer teeth are the smaller all the way around the jaw; soft dorsal with an nuter,
large dark hi-own blotch, covering' most of th(> elonjiated jxiilion of Hn.
Scomberoides tolooparah (CrviKu).
Lichia toloo-pnriih Cuvier, HupiicU's Atlas, 1S2S, ji. 91.
Two spet'iniens, Nos. 0882S, 08880, each 8 inches lonp; fi'oni Su\'a, Fiji Islands.
Two specimens, No. 09003, 3g and 5^ inches long fi'om Rangiroa, Paumotu
Islands. One specimen, No. 08848, 41 inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
No. 08978, 4i inches long from Funafuti, EUice Islands. No. 0902G, 2| inches
long from Ciilbert Islands. Six specimens from Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands,
M. C. Z. 29497 (3 specimens) as follows: Nos. 05795, three specimens 2 to 2^
and 05825, three specimens 82, 9?, and 9| inches long. Three specimens from
Marshall Islands, as follows, Nos. 09065, li inches long from Arhno; 08932,
if inches long from Jaluit; 09040, if inches long.
The 82 inch specimen has depth 3.41 in length; head 4.83; eye 4.23 in head;
snout 3.6; maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of eye; dorsal \TI, I,
20; anal II, I, 18.
The 9? inch specimen has depth 3.74 in length; head 4.92; eye 4.55 in head;
snout 3.41; maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye; dorsal VII, I, 21;
anal II, I, 19.
The 91 inch specimen has depth 3.62 in length; head 4.88; eye 4.30 in head;
snout 3.58; maxillary reaching to posterior margin of eye; dorsal VII, I, 19;
anal II, I, 18. The seven dorsal spines include the first procumbent spine which
is sometimes concealed under the skin, there are only 6 vertical spines, these
all overlapping. The teeth in the upper jaw are in several rows anteriorly,
two posteriorly, the outer teeth larger anteriorly and the inner posteriorly; in
the lower jaw there are two rows for the entire extent of jaw, the outer of close
set incisor-like teeth, the iimer conical, not so close set ; on each side of the
symphysis of lower jaw are one or two enlarged canines in the inner row;
a large dark brown blotch occupying the angle and greater portion of elongated
part of soft dorsal.
We cannot distinguish these from *S'. sanctipctri except in depth and fewer
dorsal rays in one specimen and the overlapping dorsal spines. Inasmuch as the
268 KXPKDITIOX OF THK "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
type of *S. sanctipetri was a 20 inch specimen and the specimens described in
the Hawaiian Fishes. Kij inches long and all the S. loloopnrnh in this latter
work were of small size (1 to 10? inches), it suggests that ti. sanctipetri is only
the adult form of S. totooparah.
Trachurops rirumenophthalma (Bloch).
.loRDAX & Seale, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, |). 230.
Scomber cr umeno phlluiimus Bloch, Icht.h., 1793, 10, p. 65, jjl. 343.
Nos. A46, M. C. Z. 29780, and A45 each 9 inches long from Fakarava, Pau-
motu Islands.
Caranx melampygus (ivier & Valenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S33, 9, p. S7 (116). .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 26, p. 230.
Fifteen specimens as follows from \'avau, Tonga Islands: Nos. 08890-92,
three specimens 6| to 8 inches long, No. 05855, nine specimens 84 to 4? inches
long. No. A126, M. C. Z. 29786, 8| inches long. No. A127, 111 inches long and
No. A124, 13 inches long. Three specimens from Funafuti, Ellice Islands, Nos.
08979, 3| inches long, 08856, 08841, 3| and 62^ inches long. Thirteen specimens
from Paumotu Islands: Nos. 05854, M. C. Z. 29375, twelve specimens 3? to 4?
inches long from Fakarava, and 05856, 5 inches long from Makemo. Two
specimens No. 05857, 2| to 21 inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands. One
specimen. No. 08829, 82 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. One specimen,
No. 09087 (part), 3 inches long from Marshall Islands. No. 05824, seventeen
specimens, 2| to 84 inches long from Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands. The
smallest specimen has 5 or 6 broad dark cross bands. We are unable to
identify these with any other species. They agree fairly well with C.
melampygus, except that they lack the dark spots on the body.
Caranx forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1833, 9, p. 81 (107).
Caranx tiippos Gunther, Cat., 1860, 2, p. 449.
Two specimens, Nos. 08876-7, 71 and 9l inches long from Taritari, Gilbert
Islands. Six specimens, Nos. 08851, 08845, M. C. Z. 29800, 08850, M. C. Z.
THE SHORE EISHES. 2G9
29800, 08844, M. C. Z. 29810, 08842, 08839, :M. C". Z. 29800, 3 to 4| inches loii^
from Funafuti, Ellico Islands. One specimen. No. 09087, 3i inches long from
Marshall Islands.
Caranx ignobilis (Eokskal).
Dcsfi-ipt. Anim., 177.1, p. 0.-1. .Jordan & Skai.e, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., lOOB, 25, p. 2.S1.
Nos. A6, A8, A9, M. C. Z. 29751, each 14 inches long from Nukuhiva, Mar-
quesas Islands.
There are about thirty-three scutes, counting all in straight portion of
lateral line; there are more than twenty-seven shown in the figures of Rtippell
(C. saufsuii) and Jordan i*c Evermaim, when counted as above.
Caranx ferdau ('Eorsk.Il).
GtiNTHER, Fische der Siidsee, 1S76, 5, p. 134, taf. 87, 88.
Scomber ferdau Forsk.^l, Descript. Anim., 177.5, p. .5.5.
Carangoides ferdav Jordan & Eveemann, Bull. V. S. Fish. Con!m., 190.5, 23, pi. 1, p. lOS, fifj. 77.
No. A71, a .specimen 13^ inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
Head 3.42 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.43; eye 4.75 in head; snout
3.04; maxillary 2.53; pectoral 2.57 in length to base of caudal, slightly shorter
than longest dorsal ray; base of dorsal 2.2o in length to base of caudal, slightly
greater than its longest ray; longest anal ray 3.()(); base of anal ecjual to pectoral;
dorsal rays 31; anal 26; scutes 29 on right side, 25 on left.
Color: no spots now evident on body; axil of pectoral dusky; margin of
soft anal pale.
This specimen is somewhat deeper than indicated by most descriptions and
seems most like that represented by Giinther's Siidsee, plate 87 ; it also has many
points in common with Caranx gilberti Jordan & Seale in Fishes Samoa, p. 234.
Trachinotus Lacepede.
Day's description and figure of Trachynotus baiUonii do not agree. It is
stated that "the maxillary nearly reaches to beneath the centre of the orbit,"
but in the figure it barely reaches the front of the eye. It is also stated that the
2 70 EXPRDITIOX OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
1()1k>s of the dorsal and anal, if laid l)ack, nearly reach the end of those fins.
Ill I he liiiure, the dorsal reaches about the middle and the anal a little beyond
the middle. If the length of the lobes of dorsal and anal fin are of any impor-
tance, Day's figure of T. baillonii is certainly not the same as Riippell's C. quad-
ripundatus, which in other respects it somewhat resembles; but Daj^'s figure
does not show as great length of vertical fin lobes as he indicated in the descrip-
tion, nor does it show them as long as those described by Lacepede, but the
latter's figure is poor and does not show the fins as long as he describes them.
Day's T. russellii agrees better with Lacepede's figure of C. baillonii. The lobes
of the fin are not as long as Lacepede describes, but they are longer than Day's
figure of T. baiUonii, and the spots are much larger. Lacepede's description
and poor figure of C. baillonii are insufficient for the identification of the species,
but they show longer vertical fin lobes than are indicated by Cuvier it Valen-
ciennes and by Day for this species, and in this respect they are much more like
the T. russelli of Cuvier & Valenciennes and of Day.
Cuvier & Valenciennes record four species of this group of Trachinotus with
black spots. Day includes them all in tw^o species and Jordan & Seale recognize
the same two species in Oceania. Under T. russelli, Jordan & Seale include
T. coppingeri Giinther. In the description and figure of this species Giinther
does not indicate that there are any spots.
Comparisons of the descriptions and figures indicate that the names have
been incorrectly applied by Day, and his description and synonymy is somewhat
mixed. Three of the four species mentioned by Cuvier & Valenciennes are
valid. Day's T. russellii in part should become T. baillonii in the synonymy
of which T. russellii of C. & V. should be placed, and Day's figure and part of
his description of T. baillonii is probably Cuvier & Valenciennes's T. oblongus
to the synonymy of which T. coppingeri belongs, if it is a synonym of any species.
There are thus in these waters three valid species with black spots: T. baillonii
Lacepede, T. quadripunctatus Riippell, T. oblongus Cuvier & Valenciennes.
In the collection there are two of the three species: T. baillonii and T. ob-
longus.
The three species may be separated by the following key which is made up
from descriptions and figures and from specimens.
'To tli(> syiinnymy of T. qiinrlripuiicUiliis (Rupi)f'll) belongs T. haiHonii Day in part, not figure.
THE SHORE FISHES. 271
A. Ventrals comparatively loop;; Ions dorsal and anal lobes.
B. Comparatively blunt muzzle, comparatively small eye; maxillary
reaching front of pupil; V)()dy deep, 2.22 in length without caudal,
baillonii.
BB. Comparatively sharp muzzle, large eye; maxillary reaching middle
of eye; body more slender, 2.44 in length without caudal,
quadripunctatus.
AA. Ventral fins comparatively short, comparatively short dorsal and anal
lobes; muzzle rather sharp; eye large; maxillary short, reaching front
of eye, oblongus.
Trachinotus ovatus (Linne).
GuNTHER, Cat., ISGO, 2, p. -tSl. Jord.w & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 235.
GaMrrn.fliiis ovciliis LiNNE, Syst. nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 296.
No. A123, a specimen Sf inches long from \'avau, Tonga Islands.
Trachinotus baillonii (L.\cepede).
CuviER & V.iLENciENNE.s, Hist. Nat. Pois.<3., 18.31, 8, ]). 317, 319 (431).
Caesioinorus baillonii Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 1802, 3, p. 92, 93, pi. 3, fig. 1.
TmchionotuK rumellii Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1831, 8, p. 320 (436). Day, Fishes of India,
1876, p. 233 (in parti, pi. 51B, fig. 3.
Plate 2, ficjurc 1.
Five specimens. Nos. 08987, M. C. Z. 29799, 08809, 08857, 08854, 08852,
M. C. Z. 29799, 4f to 9| inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
No. 08857, 9| inches long, has head 4.28 in length; depth 2.22; eye 4.3 in
head: snout 3.73; dorsal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 23; scales about 90; lobe of
soft dorsal 2.95 in length; lobe of anal 2.85 in length.
Color in spirits, silvery grayish on back, lobes of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal
dusky; four spots on lateral line on right side, the anterior very small, next two
half diameter of eye, the last minute; three spots on left side, first a little anterior
to a line from last dorsal spine, .6 diameter of eye, next smaller, and last very
small under posterior part of soft dorsal.
No. 08352, 5i inches long, has head 3.65 in length; depth 2.28; eye 3.71
in head; snout 4; dorsal lobe about 3.27 in length; anal 3.65; ujDper caudal
lobe 2.87; lower 2.71 ; dorsal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 24.
272 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
First rays of all fins dusky at tips ; two very small dusky spots on each side
of lateral line.
No. 08809, a small broken specimen, has dorsal VI-I, 23: anal II-I, 22;
anal lobe reaches to last anal ray ; black-tipped fins.
No. 08987, 4.75 inches long, has dorsal VI-I, 23'?; anal II-I, 23; anal lobe
reaches to posterior fifth of anal fin.
Trachinotus oblongus (uvier & Valenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1831, 8, p. 321 (437).
Trachynotus baillonii Day, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 233 (in part), and pi. 51.4, fig. 1.
Trachynntn.-i riissellii Day, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 233 (in part), synonymy. STic.\n, Edible
Fishes of New South Wales, 1908, p. 92, pi. 62.
Plnfr 1.
Seven specimens, Nos. Al-4, A5, 29733, 7 and 11, M. C. Z. 29734, from
10.5 to 12.5 inches long, from Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.
No. Al, M. C. Z. 29732, 11 inches long, has head 4.12 in length; depth
2.27: eye 3.42 in head; snout 4; dor.sal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 23; dorsal lobe
4.3 in length; anal lobe 4.12; each reaching slightly beyond middle of fins;
scales about 97 or 98, counting all.
Color in spirits: general color silvery with grayish on back, one large black
spot about size of eye on each side under the lobe of the dorsal and on lateral
line; in front of this spot and just above middle of pectoral is a very faint sjiot,
immediately above lateral line, its lower edge touching it.
No. A2, lOi inches long, has head 4.14 in length; depth 2.23: eye 3.76 in
head; snout 4.08; lobe of soft dorsal 4.51 in length, 1.53 in its base; lobe of
anal 4.41, 1.67 in its base; dorsal VI-I, 23; anal II-I, 23.
One large black spot on each side about in line with front rays of soft dorsal,
.75 of the spot on one side and .66 of the spot on tlic other side above the lat-
eral line diameter of the spot 1.3 in eye.
No. A3, lOl inches long, has dorsal VI-I, 23; anal II-I, 23; dorsal lobe
1.40 in base of dorsal fin; anal lobe 1.55 in the base of fin; two large black spots
on right side of body, the greater portion of the anterior one above lateral line,
and directly under sixth dorsal spine, its diameter about 1.3 in eye; a second
spot under 11th dorsal ray, about .66 of it above lateral line: on left side one
THE SHORE EISHES. 273
large black spot ahovit on a lino just anterior to 6th dorsal sjiine; a very small
spot partly on lateral line and luuhn- 11th dorsal ray.
No. A4, lOs inches long, has head 4.15 in length; depth 2.09; eye 3.83 in
head; snout 3.83; dorsal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 23; dor.sal lobe 1.27 in dorsal
base; anal lobe 1.36 in anal base. A large black spot on right side, about .66
of it above lateral line, its largest diameter about 1.08 in eye; situated about
under middle of soft dorsal lobe; a small faint dusky spot just under 3d dorsal
spine, partly on lateral line, but mostly above it; a similar large spot on left
side and corresjiondingly located; a faint trace of very small black spot back
of this and under 15th ray of dorsal.
No. A5, 9l inches long, has dorsal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 23; dorsal lobe 1.52
in dorsal base; anal lobe 1.65 in anal base.
On the right side a very small spot under 3d dorsal spine; almost wholly
above lateral line; a large black spot under middle of dorsal lobe, about .66 of
the spot above lateral line, its diameter about 1.18 in eye; on left side a spot .38
of eye and under 3d dorsal spine, almost wholly above lateral line; another large
one under middle of lobe of dorsal .84 of eye in diameter, about .6 of it above
lateral line.
No. A7, 122 inches long has head 4.25 in length; depth 4.52; eye 3.7 in head;
snout 4; maxillary 2.74; dorsal VI-I, 24; anal II-I, 24; lobe of dorsal 1.79
and of anal 1.70 in base of each fin respectively; scales 24-97-34.
On right side, a trace of a small spot below 2nd dorsal spine, entirely above
lateral line; a large black one about size of eye, under anterior part of soft
dorsal, about .6 of it above lateral line; another minute spot on lateral line about
under 15th ray of dorsal; on left side is a small faint spot under 2d dorsal spine,
wholly above lateral line; under anterior part of soft dorsal is a large spot,
about .6 of it above lateral line, considerably larger than eye; a slight trace of a
minute spot, entirely on lateral line and under 15th dorsal ray; another slight
trace of a spot on lateral line on the middle of caudal peduncle, a similar one on
right side; lobes of dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky.
No. All, 11 inches long. On right side a spot almost wholly above lateral
line and under 3d dorsal spine, small but distinct; a large spot about size of eye,
under middle of dorsal lobe, about .6 of it above lateral line, on left side is the
merest trace of a spot above lateral line and under first dorsal spine; a large
274 EXPEDITION" OF THE " AI,I5ATROSS," 1899-1900.
spot about size of ej'e, under anterior part of soft dorsal, about .GO of it above
lateral line; merest trace of another spot under 15th dorsal ray and nearly on
lateral line.
EQUULIDAE.
Leiognathus fasciatus (I>ackpede).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., IQOti, 25, ji. L'73.
Clupca fasciata Lacepedb, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S03, 5, p. 425, 460, 463.
One specimen, No. 08816, 4 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier.)
Eqiiiila aplniilcns CnviER, Rog. Aniiii. cil. 2, 1S2!I. 2, p. 212. Dav, Fishes of India, 1S76, p. 230,
pi. 52, fis. 3.
Two specimens, Nos. 08882, M. C. Z. 29795, 08826, 3| and -il inches long
from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Leiognathus edentula (Bloch).
Scomber edetUulus Bloch, Ichtli., 1795, 12, taf. 428.
Equula edentula Day, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 23S, pi. 52, fig. 1.
Five specimens (young) Ig to if inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
APOGONIDAE.
Apogon Lacepede.
In 1854 in Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. 6, p. 321, Bleeker founded the genus Apo-
gonichthys, basing it on A. perdix and giving, before his description of ^. perdix,
a list of species comprised in the new genus; A. auritus (Cuvier & Valenciennes,
7, p. 332) heading this list.
The distinctive characters of Apogonichthys, he states, are the smooth
preopercle and intramarginal crest, and the presence of palatine teeth. Later,
in the description of A. perdix he states that the lateral line anteriorly consists
of jx'rceptible simple tubes and inconspicuous tubes posteriorly. Thus the
only character wherein Apogonichthys differs from Apogon is in the smooth
THE SirOKE I'ISHES. 275
preopercle and inti-ainarsiiuil crests. This eharac'ter is not constant and we
do not deem it of generic importance.
In 1903, in Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., ]). 180, Jordan & Evermann establish the
genus Fowleria basing it on A. auritus, the first species Bleeker mentioned under
his description of .\pogonichthys. They state that Fowleria differs from Apo-
gonichthys solely in the character of the lateral line, which is developed only
on the anterior pai't of the body. This character does not separate Fowleria
from Apogonichthys as defined by Bleeker. C'uvier & Valenciennes in the
original description of A. auritus do not mention the lateral line or the palatine
teeth. Should the palatine teeth prove to t)e absent, Fowleria could stand
if based on the absence of palatine teeth.
In 1905, in Bull. U. >S. Fish Comm., p. 210, Jordan & Evermann establish the
genus Foa, basing it on Fowleria brachygratnmus Jenkins, described on page 447,
and state that "the genus differs from Amia [Apogon] only in the character of
the lateral line which is developed only on the anterior part of the body, the
preopercle being as in Mionorus without serrations * * * * and differing from
Apogonichthys in having palatine teeth."
In 1906 in Fishes of Samoa, Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, page 248, Jordan &
Seale still further characterize Foa, by the entire preopercle, incomplete lateral
line and the presence of teeth on the palatines. In the same report, page 250,
they place Fowleria in the synonymy of Apogonichthys, stating that Apo-
gonichthys, "is based on a species Apogon auritus Cuvier & Valenciennes, which
we have not seen. It is, however, very closely related to three Samoan species,,
with which it is doubtless congeneric. These species differ from the group
called Foa, in having no teeth on the palatines. In all of them there is a large
black ocellus on the opercle, and the lateral line, although interrupted, shows
rudimentary pores on the caudal peduncle."
The characters given above for P'oa are not different from those given by
Bleekei' for .Vpogonichthys and do not therefore separate it from .\pogonichthys.
If the three species mentioned above do not possess palatine teeth, they should
be placed in the genus Fowleria and not in Apogonichthys since Apogonichthys
possesses palatine teeth.
Jordan & Richardson, in Fishes of the Philippines, in Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish.
1908, 27, p. 255, state that "the original type of Apogonichthys Bleeker is A.
276 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
perdix Bleeker (Florisj. This species has an incomplete lateral line, an entire
preopercle and teeth on the palatines. The genus Apogonichthys is therefore
the same as Foa, and Fowleria (aurita) is genericallj^ distinct." The validity
of Fowleria depends upon whether A. aurita has palatine teeth.
Professor Vaillant has kindly examinetl the type of Apogon auriius in the
Museum at Paris and states that there are teeth upon the vomer but none on
the palatines, and that it can be said that it has palatal but not palatine
teeth. Fowleria, based on the absence of palatine teeth, is therefore a valid
genus.
Amia Gronovius, Zoophylaceum, 17lJ3, p. SU (nonbinomialj.
Apogon Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1802, 3, p. 411 {ruber).
Apogonichthys Bleeker, Nat. Tijds, Ned. Ind., 1854, 6, p. 321 (perdix).
Foa Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni., 1905, 23, pt. 1, 210 {brachy-
g ram nuts).
Apogon frenatus \alenciennes.
Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1832, 1, p. .57, pi. 4, fig. 4. Gunther, Cat. 1859, 1, )). 241.
GtiNTHER, Fisehe der Siidsee, 187.3, 1, p. 19, taf. 19, fig. A.
Amia fretiata Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1876, 7, p. 75, 89, 8, tab. 342, Perc. 64, fig. 2.
Amia melanorhynchus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1877, 8, tab. 343, Perc. 65, fig. 1 (not JcscriptionJ.
Apogon snyderi Jokd.\n & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Coram., 1903, 22, p. 180.
One specimen, No. 05828, 3g inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society
Islands.
We have carefully compared this specimen and specimens of ^4. synderi in
the reserve series U. S. Bur. Fish, with Valenciennes's description and figure
of A. frenatus and cannot find that they differ. Jordan & Evermann (loc. cit.)
propose the name ^4. synderi for the fish which they say Gunther in Siidsee
erroneouslj^ calls A . frenatus ; they neglect, however, to say wherein CUinther is
in error. We find no discrepancies between figures and descriptions of Gunther
and Valenciennes, unless it be a slightly narrower lateral stripe in Valenciennes's
figure, which we consider unimportant. Bleeker has a figure and description
of A. frenatus which agrees with our specimens and which he says is the same as
the A. frenatus of Giinther's Catalogue, hut not the same as the .4. fremitus
described and figured in his Siidsee, the latter being according to Bleeker
A. fasciata. But Bleeker's description and figure oi A. fasciaia do not agree;
THE SHORE EISHES. 277
the figure agrees in its serrations with A. frcndtus, but n<jt in its color; and in
the description of A. fuscialu.'i both the serrations and color certainly indicate a
different species.
Bleeker figures a species which he calls A. melanorhynchus; the figure agrees
with our specimens in serrations and color, but his description does not agree
in the serrations. In the synonymy of this species he places Apogon (Pristi-
apogon) frenatus Klunzinger, and says "melanorhynchus, sometimes confounded
wiih frenata, appears to me that it ought to be considered as a distinct species
with a chunkier body and with the intramarginal preopercular crest smooth
and the shoulder bone toothed and the Apogon frenata of Kllinzinger from the
Red Sea ought probably to be reported as melanorhynchus." But his figure
shows A. melanorhynchus with intramarginal preopercular crest toothed as in
A. frenatus of Valenciennes, and the shoulder bone toothed; in A. frenatus the
shoulder bone is said to be smooth.
In his discussion of the genus Apogon, Day says "It seems also (juestionable
whether any considerable value can be placed upon the serrations about the
bones of the head, especially of the orbits, as such appear to be more distinct
in some specimens than in others, and many vary with age."
In the seven specimens of A. snyderi in the U. S. Bur. Fish, reserve series,
varying in size from 2g to 41 inches, the serrations of the preopercular mar-
gins and orbit are constantly present, but vary somewhat in amount in orbit.
In some specimens the shoulder bone is serrated and in some it is not. We
judge from this that the serration of the suprascapular or shoulder bone is
without value.
Apogon orbicularis Kriii, & Van Hahselt.
CuviEK it Valenciennes, Hist. \at. Puiss., 182S, 2, p. 11.5 (1.5.'5). Guntheu, Fiscliu der SiUlsee,
lS7o, 1, p. 22, Inf. 20, fig. D. Day, Fishes of India, 1875, p. 6.5, pi. 17, fig. 7.
Seven specimens. No. 09080, 1 to U inches long, and No. 0S909, M. C. Z.
29533 six specimens 1 inch long, from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands.
Apogon savayensis (Gi'NTHER).
Proc. Zool. Sot'. Loud. 1S71, p. 056. Fische der Siidsec, 1873, 1, p. 21, tiif. I'J, fig. B. Day,
Fishes of India, 1875, p. 60, pi. 16, fig. 5.
Two specimens. No. 08942, M. C. Z. 29503 (1 specimen) 2? inches long,
Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
278 EXPEDITION OE THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
Apogon ceramensis Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1S52, 3, p. 2,56. D.vY, Fislics of India, 1875, p. 05, pi. 17, fig. G.
Atnia ceramensis Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1876, 7, p. 75, 91; 1877, 8, tab. 336, Perc. 58, lis. 1.
No. 08902, six specimens I to 1 inch long and four specimens, No. 09083,
M. C. Z. 29517, 1 to ll inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands.
Six specimens, No. 09049, 2 to 2^ inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Five
specimens, No. 09073, is to i of an inch long, from Arhno, Marshall Islands.
Apogon vaiulae (.Tuhdax & Se.\le).
Foa vaiulae Jordan & Seale, Biill. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 2-19, tig. 43.
One specimen. No. 09030, l| inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
We identify this specimen with A. vaiulae after having compared it with
the type, although it is somewhat deeper and now shows no shoulder spot,
otherwise it agrees perfectly. It is hardly possible that these slight differences,
due to difference in size, are of importance.
Apogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks).
Amia exostigma Jordan & Starks, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 26, p. 238, tijj. 31.
No. A87, a specimen Oi inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
Head 2.6 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.7; eye in head 3. 84; snout
3.12; interorbital 4.54; maxillary +premaxillary 2.27; longest dorsal spine
(3d) 1.78; ray 1.78; longest anal (2d) 5; dorsal VII, I, 92; anal II, 82; scales
3-25+5.
Preopercle and intraopercle coarsely serrated or toothed; shoulder bone
or scale serrated; pectoral and ventral reaching anal; color same as that given
by Jordan & Starks.
Apogon punctulatus Ruppell.
Ncuo Wirb. Fische, 1835, p. 88, tab. 22, fig. 4.
Apnyonichlhys marmoralus Jordan & Seale, Bull. Bur. Fish., 19(16, 25, |i. 250, fig. 44.
One specimen. No. 05808, l| inches long from \\avau, Tonga Islands.
THE SHORE FISHES. 279
Riippell's description ;uid figure of .4. punctulatus do not admit of its being
put in the synonymy of A. auritus of Day or .4. polysligma of Bleeker. Riippell
says nothing of palatine teeth, and our specimen agrees very well with the
specimens of .4. )non))oralHs in the reserve series of the Bureau of Fisheries
which are those recorded by Jordan & Scale in Fishes of Samoa. In all
particulars our specimen agrees with Riiiipell's description of ^4. punctulatus.
Mionorus waikiki (Jordan & Evekmann).
Apogonichthijs waikiki Jordan & Eveumanx, Bull. U. .S. Fish Comni., 1903, 22, )). 179.
One specimen. No. 09067, I of an inch long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall
Islands.
Head 2.33 in body; depth 2.8; eye 3; snout 3.42.
This specimen agrees with the description of M. waikiki, save for slight
differences in color; there are no distinct bars on the fins, and the caudal is
plain yellowish.
Paramia quinquelineata (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. ,S. Bur. Fish., 11)00, 25, p. 252.
Cheilodipterus quinquelineata Cuv. & Val., Hist. Xat. Poiss., 182S, 2, p. 12-1 (107).
No. 05829, a specimen Ss inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands.
No. 05830, two specimens if and l| inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
M. C. Z. 29470.
AMBASSIDAE.
Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1852, 3, p. 257. Atlas Ichth., 1877, 8, p. 1.33, 135, tab. 3-14, Perc. 00, fig. 2,
and tab. 351, Perc. 73, fig. 1. Guntheb, Cat., 1859, 1, p. 224.
Five specimens, No. 08800, 08994, 3 to 4 inches long from Kusaie, and No.
09093, 2 inches long from Ponapi, Caroline Islands. Twelve specimens, No.
08923, M. C. Z. 29486, l| to 2 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
280 EXPEDITION OF THH "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
KUHLIIDAE.
Kuhlia malo (Cuviek & \'alenciennes).
Didi's tniilu Cuv. it Val., Hist. Na(. Pois.s., 1831, 7, ]). 3G0 (479). Dumont d'Urvilli:, ^■oyagc
Pole Sud. Zool. Poissons, 1853, 3, pi. 3, fig. 4.
Dales malo Lesson, Voyage Coquille. Zool., 1830, 2, ]). 223.
Dules leuciscus Jenyn.s, Zool. Voy. Beagle. Fish., 1842, pt. 4, p. 17.
Platr 2, figure 2.
Eight specimens, No. 05827, 82 to G inches long from Tipacrui River, Papeete,
Society Islands, M. C. Z. 29367 (2 specimens).
The eight specimens are from the type locality of K. malo. The description
of Cuvier tfe Valenciennes of K. malo agrees with our specimens, there being one
character in particular, — the dorsal, anal, and ventral have brown spots,
separated by whitish lines, — which agrees with our specimens and which
emphasizes its separation from current descriptions of K. malo.
In the following, measurements are given of our largest specimen (160 mm.)
and in parentheses the average measurements of the eight examples :
Head in length to base of caudal 3.39 (3. 30) ; depth 2.88 (2.85) ; eye in head
3.71 (3.338); snout 3.55 (3.73); maxillary 2.29 (2.346) ; interorbital 3.12 (3.475) ;
soft dorsal base 1.69 (1.816); anal base 1.21 (1.336); longest dorsal spine (fifth)
2.05 (1.637); last dorsal spine 2.29 (2.168); longest anal spine (third) 2.60 (2.54);
pectoral 1.5 (1.45); ventral 1.5 (1.45); dorsal IX, I, II; anal iii, 12 (11 rays in
one specimen) ; scales 6 to 8-42-8 to 9.
General shape and appearance of Pomo.vis; profile of head slightly concave;
preorbital serrate; suborbital entire; preopercle finely serrate on both limbs,
its ascending limb concave; maxillary reaching not quite to middle of eye;
lower jaw slightly projecting. Scales large anteriorly, rapidly decreasing in
size from a line in front of soft dorsal to base of caudal. Color in spirits, silvery
gray; cheeks, throat, and breast with brassy reflections; bod}' thickly covered
with black spots about size of pupil, these chiefly above lateral line; nai-row
silvery interspaces giving a reticulated effect; tip of lower jaw black; tips of
soft dorsal and anal white; interspinous dorsal membrane duskj^, especially
at the base and tips of the spines; the soft dorsal with rather large black spots
THE SHORE FISHES. 281
on the membranes with yellowish white interspaces and with a black anterior
upjier angle and margin; soft anal similarly coloretl with a row of black spots
on scales at base; pectoral soiled yellowish externally, with a black base behind,
and a dusky cross bar near the base; ventrals yellowish translucent with the
outer membranes somewhat dusky; caudal with spots similar to soft vertical
fins, the extremities of the caudal lobes black with narrow white margin on the
upper and lower edges of the lobes; the ends of all the rays black making a
narrow terminal margin of black.
Kuhlia maculata (Cuviku & ^'ALENCIENNEs).
Duhs maculaltis Cuv. & V.u,., Hist. Nat. PoUs., 1831, 7, p. 357 (475).
? Moronopsis ciliatus Bleeker, Atlas lohfh., 1876, 7, ]). 120 (in part) tab. Pprc, 38, fig. 1.
Plate ,), fif/itrc I.
Eight specimens, Nos. 08996-99, 08802-3, 08805, 08832, 4 to 5| inches from
Kusaie, Caroline Islands. M. C. Z. 29369 (2 specimens).
In the following, measurements are given of our largest specimen (145 mm.)
and in j^arentheses the average measurements of the eight examples:
Head in length to Inise of caudal 3.28 (3.275); depth 2.67 (2.86); eye 2.91
(2.838); snout 4.12 (4.185); maxillary 2.33 (2.32); interorbital 3.5 (3.47);
soft dorsal base 1.59 '1.675); anal base 1.20 (1.298); longest dorsal spine (fifth)
1.84 (1.81); last dorsal spine 2.50 (2.26); longest anal spine (third) 2.69 (2.59);
pectoral 1.45 (1.47); ventral 1.45 (1.47); dorsal IX, I, 11, (12 rays in one speci-
men) ; anal iii, 11 in 3, 12 in 5 specimens; scales 5 or 6-42-7 or 8.
The shape and form of this species is similar to that of K. malo; i5re()rl)ital
serrated; preopercle finelj'^ serrated on its lower limb, the ascending limb entire,
except at the upjier end where there are a few minute teeth, and it is not concave.
General color of this species is the same as that of K. malo, but the dorsal
differs in having the membrane of the sjjinous dorsal not so dusky and with no
spots on soft dorsal or f)n scales at base; the soft dorsal is entirely dusky, most
intense at upper anterior angle and along upper margin, with an indication of a
longitudinal darker dusky band just above its base; the tips of rays are white;
the fine scaly sheaths at the base of the soft dorsal and anal are dusky and with-
out spots ; the soft anal not spotted as it was in the other, but the rays are dusky,
282 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALHATIiOSS," 1899-1900.
most intense at about the middle of their length and near the ends; membrane
between the sjjines and 1st ray entirely tliisky and the middle duskiness of the
other rays sometimes extends a little on the membranes presenting a sort of
interrupted longitudinal band; margin of fin similar ti) that of the other
specimen.
Bleeker's figure in Atlas Ichth., 8, Perc. tab. 46, fig. 2, resembles our speci-
mens in shape, but the spots are scarcely indicated on the body and there are
none on the dorsal, anal, or caudal. The description of Perca ciliata Kuhl &
Van Hasselt in the Hist. Nat. Poiss., 2, jx 38, of Cuvier & Valenciennes, does
not agree with our specimens. In the description of Dales ttKirginatiis Cuvier it^
Valenciennes, ibid., p. 87, there are a few points that apply to our specimens,
but in coloi' ours bear no resemblance to the figure.
Kuhlia proxima, sp. nov.
/■'/((//■ .)', fif/iiri' ..'.
Type No. (35889 U. S. N. M. (field no. 08920), 5 inches long from Fiji Is-
lands. Cotype No. 29420 M. C. Z. (field No. 08919), 3| inches long from the
same place.
Head 3; depth 2.(i0 in Ixidy; eye 2.53 in head; snout 4.12; maxillary 2.35;
interorbital 3.(36; base of soft dorsal 1.94; last dorsal spine 2.75; longest dorsal
spine (hfth) 1.65; longest dorsal ray 1.94; base of anal 1.57; longest anal spine
(third) 2.53; longest anal ray 2.53; pectoral 1.65; ventral 1.65 (not quite to
vent); dorsal X, I, II; anal III, 11 ; scales 5 (6)-52-9. No. 08920 has D. IX,
I, 11.
Body similar in sha]ie to A', sdiidvicensis; eye large, snout short; maxillary
reaching to anterior edge of pupil; lower jaw projecting; preopercle serrate on
both limbs, its ascending limb not concave; ]ireorbital serrate on its lower
anterior edge; scales moderate, rather closely imbricated, decreasing in size to
the base of the caudal.
Color generally silvery, darker on liack; snout and lower jaw dusky; the
membranes of spinous and soft dorsal and anal soiled dusky, extreme edge of
dorsal black but not making a l)lack border; a broad dusky terminal margin
to the caudal, most intense at end of middle rays. This species differs from
A', sandvicentsia in the longer head; much larger eye; in having the ascending
THE SH()i{K FISHES. 283
limb of ])reopercle serrated, and fewer scales in transverse series; and a wider
black terminal caudal margin. It differs from K. inarginata from Samoa in
having more scales in longitudinal series. It lacks th(> black margin on soft
dorsal and anal; and it has a much larger eye; A', marginala does not have
serrations on the ascending limb of preopercle. It is close to Dules humilis of
De Vis from Queensland, differing in having a larger eye, shorter snout, and
longer third anal spine. In D. humilis the second anal spine is as long as and
stronger than the third.
Kuhlia sandvicensis (Steindachner).
Mownopsis argeiileiis var. sandoicensis Steindachner, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Woin, 1876, 74, p. 205
(Beitrago 5, p. 158).
Moronopsis saiirlviccnsis .Steind.\chner, Sitz. Ak. Wi.ss. Wciu, 1SS7, 96, |i. .5(5 (Beitrago 14, p.
1), taf. l,fiff. 1.
Seven specimens, No. 05826, 2 to Ss inches long from Makemo, Paumotu
Islands. M. C. Z. 29498 (2 specimens). One specimen (no number) I2 inches
long from Makatea, Paumotu Islands.
These specimens appear a little deeper than some from Hawaii Init their
measurements do not show it.
Kuhlia rupestris (L.\cepede).
Ccntrnpnmus rupestris Lacep^de, Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1802, 4, p. 252, 272.
Dides hnswellii M.\cleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Walos, 1881, 5, p. 3.59.
Nos. 08804, M. C. Z. 29458, a specimen 5 in. long, 08807, a specimen 65 in.
long, 08806, a specimen 6^ in. long, 08995, a specimen 3 in. long, all from Kusaie,
Caroline Islands.
Easily distinguished from K. inaculatus by the much larger mouth and
longer maxillary, which extends to middle of eye, and also by the differences
in coloration.
Kuhlia taeniura (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. .S. Fi.sh Comni., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 208, fig. 81.
Dnles Incniurus Cuv. & Val., Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 1829, 3, p. 85 (114).
Fourteen specimens, No. 08917, ll to 1§ inches long from Arhno Atoll,
Marshall Islands.
284 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
Two specimens, Nos. 08918, and 09039, M. C. Z. 29505, 3§ inches long from
Marshall Islands.
SERRANIDAE.
Paracanthistius maculatus (Block).
Bleeker, Atlas lehth., 1876, 7, p. 2.5, 26.
Bodianus maculatus Bloch, Ausl. Fische, 1790, 4, p. 48, pi. 228.
One example, No. A151, 15 inches long, from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
Head and body spotted; the only spaces without spots are just in front of
the vent and just in front of anal; spots all round, none oblong.
Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Bleeker, Atlas lohth., IS7G, 7, p. 28, Nat. tab. 279, Perc. 1, fig. 4.
Serranas leucogrammicus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1828, 2, p. 2.59 (.347).
One specimen, No. A153, about 12 inches long, from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
Cephalopholis argus Blocu & Schneider.
Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 311.
Serranus guttatus (part) Day, Fishes of India, 187.5, p. 24.
Epinephelus argus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1876, 7, p. 32, 43, tab. 313, Perc. 64, fig. 3. Boo-
lenoer, Cat., 189.5, 1, p. 189.
Three specimens from Jaluit, Marshall Islands, Nos. 08860, 71 inches long;
08916, 3 inches long and A191, lOi inches long. Nos. A173, 9| inches long,
and A169, M. C. Z. 29787, 7? inches long, from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. Nos.
A25, M. C. Z. 29742, 12 inches long, and A17, from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Nos. A152, 12| inches long, and A154, M. C. Z. 29743, 111 inches long, from
Funafuti, Ellice Islands. On all the A numbered specimens there are about
8 cross bands on body, especially distinct posteriorly, each about half as wide
as interspaces.
Cephalopholis urodelus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Serranus uroddus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1828, 2, p. 227 (306). Gunther, Fische der
Siidsee, 1873, 1, p. 3, fig. A.
Epincjihclus urodelus Bodlenger (form A), Cat., 1895, 1, p. 192.
No. 08961, a specimen Sf inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
THE SUORK FISHES. 285
Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepede).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 258.
Labrus leopardus LACEPi)DB, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1802, 3, p. .518, .521, pi. .30, fig. 1.
No. A179, a specimen 02 inches long from Arhno, Mai-shall Islands, and
M. C. Z. 29463, A186, 4| inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Ephinephelus merra Bloch.
Ausl. FLsche., 1703, 7, p. 17, pi. 329. Boulenger, Cat., 1895, 1, p. 241 (form B).
Serranus hexagonalus D.w, Fishe.s of India, 1875, p. 14, pi. 2, fig. 3.
Epincphelus slellans Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 25, p. 2.58.
Six specimens from Paumotu Islands, Nos. 05864, 62 inches long, A62, 9
inches, A94 M. C. Z. 29796 7| inches, A61, 7^ inches, all from Makemo, 05867,
l| inches long and A27, 84 inches long from Rangiroa. No. 05866, 5? inches
long from Tahiti, Society Islands. No. A185, M. C. Z. 29797, 6| inches long
from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsk.^l).
Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1S7G, 7, p. 34, 57, tab. 307, Pcrc 29, fig. 3. Boulenger, Cat., 1895, 1,
p. 249.
Perca summnna vox. fuscoguUnla Forsk.\l, Descript. .'Vnim., 1775, p. 42.
Five specimens from Paumotu Islands, Nos. A93, 84 inches long, A77,
9i inches long, A96, 9i inches long, A75, M. C. Z. 29722, 9l inches long and
05865, M. C. Z. 29384, 8i inches long, all from Makemo; A155, 10 inches long
from Funafuti, EUice Islands; A177, 14 inches long from Rongelab, Marshall
Islands. A12, M. C. Z. 29721, Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Hloch).
Boulenger, Cat., 1S95, 1, p. 246.
Holncetdiiis caeruleopuniinliis Bloch, .^usl. FLspIip, 1790, 4, p. 94, tab. 242, fig. 2.
No. 08928, a specimen 71 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
286 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
PRIACANTHIDAE.
Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepede).
Jordan & Evermanx, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 191)o, 23, pt. 1, p. 229.
Labrus cruentatus L.\cepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S02, 3, p. 522.
No. 05858, a specimen 85 inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands.
LUTIANIDAE.
Lutianus kasmira (Forsk.\l).
Sciaena kasmira Forskal, Desoript. Anim., 1775, p. 46.
Holocentrus bengalensis Block, Avisl. Fische, 1790, 4, p. 7, Ichth., p. 82, taf. 246, fig. 2.
Lutianus bengalensis Day, Fishe.s of India, 1.S75, ]). 3)5, ])1. 10, fig 4. Bleeker, Atlas Ichtli.
1S77, 8, p. 44, 55, 3.3.3, Perc. .55, fig. 4.
No. 08865, 5 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. This specimen has but
10 dorsal spines, differing from Bloch and Day, who each give 11 dorsal spines.
Bleeker found 10 or 11 spines in the dorsal.
Lutianus gibbus (Forsk.\l).
Day, Fishes of India, 1875, p. 43, pi. 13, fig. 2, 3.
Sciaena gihba Forsk.Il, Descript. Anim., 1775, p. 4().
Two specimens, Nos. 08866, 5 inches long, and 08868, 51 inches long from
Suva, Fiji Islands. Four specimens from Paumotu Islands, Nos. A19, 14
inches and A22, M. C. Z. 29741, 145 inches long from Rangiroa, A66, 14i inches
long from Makemo, and A41, M. C. Z. 29758, 9 inches long from Fakarava. No.
108, M. C\ Z. 29757, 9| inches long from Takaa, Society Islands. No. A166,
5i inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. Two specimens from Marshall
Islands, Nos. A176, 13 inches long from Rongelab and A183, 141 inches long
from Arhno Atoll.
Lutianus marginatus (('cvier & Valenciennes).
Day, Fishos of India, 1875, p. 44, pi. 13, fig. 5.
Diaciipe marginata Cuv. & Val., Hi.sf. Nat. Poiss., 1828, 2, ji. 320 (425).
No. 05869, 7i inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. No. 05871,
84 inches long. Bora Bora, Society Islands. Three specimens from Caroline
THE SHORE FISHES. 287
Islands, Nos. 09021, 08814, iil and 8i inches long, from Kusaio, and 09011, Ig
iiich(>s long from Tiuk (iroup. Two specimens, Nos. 09038, 1 and I5 inches
long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands, Nos. A137, M. C. Z. 29728 10 inches
long and A138, 111 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. No. A158, M. C. Z.
29729, 8i inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands.
Lutianus johnii (Block).
Day, Fishes of India, 1875, p. 42, pi. 1.3, fig. 1.
ArUhias johnii Block, Ichth., 179.3, 9, p. 97, tab. 318.
One specimen. No. 08921, 5.75 inches long, from Suva, Fiji Islands. No.
09050, M. C. Z. 29398, 1.75 inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline
Islands. This small specimen is somewhat mutilated and no teeth can be
detected on its tongue; otherwise it agrees with L. johnii, and is with some
doubt, identified as that species.
Lutianus monostigma (Cuvier & V.\lenciennes).
Mesoprion innnosiigimi Cuv. it V.\l., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1828, 2, p. 337 (446). Gunther, Fisclie
del Siidsee, 1S73, 1, p. 14, taf. 16.
Li<ljanus lioglossus Bleeker, Atkus Ichth., 1877, 8, 46, 70, tab. 344, Perc. 66, fig. 4.
Seven specimens from Paumotu Islands: Nos. 08823, 51 inches long
from Anaa, one specimen 5 inches long and A92, M. C. Z. 29768, 7g inches, A99,
8| inches, AlOO, M. C. Z. 29769, 8 inches from Makemo, and A35, Sf inches,
05861, 5? inches from Makatea. Five specimens, Nos. 08986, I5 to 3| inches
long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands. No. A168, 8 inches long from
Taritari, Gilbert Islands.
Lutianus marginatoides, spec. nov.
Phili- 4. figuir 1.
Type No. 68943 U. S. N. M. (field No. A74), 8i inches long from Makemo,
Paumotu Islands.
Head to tip of flaps 2.57 in bodj' ; depth 2.39; eye 5.07 in head; snout 3;
maxillary 2.69, reaching to front of pupil; mandible 2.49; interorbital 4.71;
pectoral 1.26, reaching beyond ventrals to a line from base of last dorsal spine;
2S8 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALHATROSS/' lS99-190n.
ventrals 1.59, reaching just to vent; dorsal X, ISi, fourth spine longest, longest
ray 3.5 in head; anal III, 8, second anal spine longest, 2.85 in head, longest
ray 2.35 in head; preopercle strongly notched; a conspicuous knob on opercle;
six rows of scales on cheeks; scales above lateral line in oblique series; counting
from front of dorsal to lateral line there are 8 scales, from anal to lateral line 13,
scales above lateral line 54, below 48, the formulae being 8-48 to 54-13; no
lingual teeth.
Color, greenish gray on back, lighter line of same color on side and belly;
dorsal yellowish with light green spines and dusky spines and rays and a broad
white-edged dusky margin; caudal very dusky with a narrow white terminal
margin, more distinct in middle; other fins all paler; faint light streaks follow-
ing rows of scales, running obliciuely ujnvard and backward above lateral line,
horizontally below.
This is close to L. marginata but differs in having a considerably smaller
eye and somewhat smaller mouth, and it may be Diacope striata or D. axillaris
of Cuvier & Valenciennes, but the descriptions are too incomplete to make the
identification certain.
THERAPONIDAE.
Therapon maculatus, spec. nov.
I'lafr 4, fiqure 2.
Eight specimens, No. 08924, 2 to 5 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
M. C. Z. 29494 (2 specimens).
Type, No. 66061 U. S. N. M., 5 inches long, has head 2.86 in length;
depth 2.71; eye 3.60 in head; snout 2.5; maxillary 3.27; dorsal XII, 11 ; anal
III, 9i; scales ll-60( -t-9)-18; 11 scales from front of dorsal to lateral line and
18 from lateral line to anal.
Longest dorsal spine 2 in head; second anal spine longest, 1.89 in head;
preopercle strongly denticulate above angle; fine teeth on lower margin; teeth
in upper jaw in many villiform bands in fi'ont, the band changing into about
3 rows posteriorly; an anterior row of enlarged mixed, incisor-like and canine-
like or curved backward conical teeth, the latter longer than the others; lower
THE SHORE FISHES. 289
jaw witli several rows of vilifonn tc^etli in front, these becoming 2 rows pos-
tei-iorly; outer row larger and oonieal hut not so large as in uppoi- jaw.
Color after a long time (9 years) in alcohol, body dark gray with slight
reddish tinge; dark on back and still darker on top of head and snout, covered
with faint brown spots, one third diameter of eye, approximately arranged in
longitudinal rows and faintly evident on caudal fin; each scale with a small
silvery spot making narrow longitudinal silvery streaks or lines; pectoral dusky;
ventral black except at base and on last or inner ray where it is white ; spinous
dorsal clouded with purplish brown, each interspinous membrane with black
margin which is most evident next to spine in front; soft dorsal margined with
tlark bi'own at its upper anterior margin; anal membrane very dark brown,
most intense anteriorly.
Therapon jarbua (Forsk.UJ.
Day, FLshes of India, 1S75, p. tj!). pi. 18, tig. 4.
Sciiwnn, jarbua Forskal, Descript. Anim., 177.5, p. .50.
8ix specimens from t^uva, Fiji Islands, Nos. 08831, 7l inches, 08821, 5 inches,
08883, 3i inches, 08922, 5j inches, 08889, 7 inches and A144, 8| inches. Three
specimens from Tonga Islands, Nos. 05862, M. C. Z. 29577, 4§ inches from Vavau
and 05863, M. C. Z. 29578, 08941, M. C. Z. 29373, 5? and 7 inches long from
Tongatabu.
SPARIDAE.
Lethrinus ramak (Forskal).
GtiNTHER, Fischc del- Siidsep, 1874, 3, p. 69, taf. 46, fig. B. .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur.
Fi?h., 190(1, 25, p. 269.
SridiHii niniak Forskal, Descript. .\niin., 1775, p. 53.
Four specimens from Taritari, Gilbert Islands, Nos. A159, 10 inches,
Al()5, IVI. C. Z. 29727, 6^ inches, A170, M. C. Z. 29726, lOg inches, A172, 7§ inches.
Lethrinus harak (Forskal).
Day, Fishes of India, 1S75, p. 137, pi. 33, fig. 3.
Scuii-iia hcimk Forsk.al, Descript. Anim., 1775, p. 52.
Two specimens, Nos. A143, and 08833, M. C. Z. 29419^ (1 specimen), 62
inches long from Suva, Fiji. Three specimens, Nos. 08935, 92 inches, 08934,
290 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
M. C. Z. 29775, ll inches, and A198, M. C. Z. 29723, 9i inches long from Kusaie,
CaroUne Islands. One specimen, No. 08896, 7i^o inches long from Vavau,
Tonga Islands.
The specimens from Kusaie have a large dusky oblong spot below lateral
line above end of pectoral; axil very dark.
In No. A143 the dusky lateral spot is wanting on right side, with possibly a
faint trace on left; axil not so dusky, otherwise no distinguishable differences.
No. 08896, in addition to the lateral spot it has traces of 8 or 9 cross bars on
body, which extend on to the side of the abdomen, about on a line with lower base
of pectoral.
Lethrinus mahsenoides Ehrenberg.
CUVIER& Valenciennes's, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1830, 6, p. 212 (286). Gunther, Cat., 18.59, 1, p.
464 Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish,, 1906, 25, p. 270.
Two specimens Nos. 08894 M. C. Z. 29782 and 08895, 7| and 7 inches long
respectively, from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
No. 08894 had head 2.96 in length; depth 2.69; eye 3.85 in head; snout
2.08; preorbital 2.63; pectoral 3.44 in length; ventral 4.48; longest dorsal
spine (4th) 7.79; dorsal X, 9; anal III, 8; scales 6-49-16.
No. 08895 had head 2.95 in length; depth 2.68; eye 3.84 in head; snout
2.18; preorbital 2.82; pectoral 3.46 in length; ventral 4.73; longest dorsal
spine (4th) 8.35; dorsal X, 9; anal III, 8; scales 6-49-16.
Head grayish with brownish shades; gill membrane margined with red,
still showing quite plainly; body grayish, darker on back, paler on belly; traces
of 8 or 9 narrow dusky half bars running somewhat obliquely downward and
backward; many scales on back and side, each with a white or pale center;
pectoral yellowish; ventral greenish with dusky tips; dorsal and anal with
traces of narrow horizontal or oblique narrow bars ; caudal yellowish with traces
of about 4 broad cross bars.
Lethrinus moensii Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1855, 9, p. 435. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1874, 3, p. 64, taf. 46, fig. A.
Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1877, 8, p. 115, 7, tab. 297, Perc. 19, fig. 3.
No. 08867, 41 inches long, from Suva, Fiji Islands. The specimen is dried
and in bad condition; it does not show any color markings. It seems nearer to
this species than to any other and is without much doubt correctly identified.
THE SHORE FISHES. 291
Lethrinus richardsonii Gunther.
Cat., 1859, 1, p. 456.
Six .specimens, No. 08903, 1 to 2 inches long, from Truk Group, Caroline
Islands. These specimens are in bad condition, but the color markings show
fairly well. No. 05870, 5 inches long, and one specimen 28 inches long, from
Vavau, Tonga Islands.
Lethrinella miniata (Fuhstek).
P'owLER, Journ. Acad. Nal. .Sci. Phila., 1904, sor. 2, 12, p. 529.
Sparus minialus Forster, Bloch. & Schneider's Ichth., 1801, p. 281.
No. A14, M. C. Z. 29748, about 16 inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu
Islands and No. A58, about 17| inches long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Monotaxis grandoculis (Foksk.\l).
.Jordan & Se.\le, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, ]). 271.
Sciaciia qraiutoculia Forsk.\l, Descript. .\nimal, 1775, ]). 53.
One specimen, No. .V181, 91 inches long from Arhno, Marshall Islands.
GERRIDAE.
Xystaema argyreum (Forster).
Sciaena arc/yrea Forster, Blofh & Schneider's Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 344. Dcscript. Aniiu, Ed.
Lichtenstein, 1844, p. 291.
Genes argyreus Gdnther, Cat., 18.59, 1, ]). 353; 1862, 4, ]). 263.
One specimen. No. 08855, tii inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
From the descriptions it is difficult to distinguish this species from gigas.
Xystaema acinaces (Bleeker).
Genes acinaces Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1854, 6, p. 194.
Dia/Merus aciitac.es Bleeker, .-^tlas Ichth., 1877, 8, p. 123-126, tab. 361, Pore. 77, fig. 2.
Three specimens, Nos. 08853, 4| inches, 08973, 31 inches, 08846, 4 inches
long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
Two specimens from Vavau, Tonga Islands, Nos. A128, about 7 inches
long, and A129, M. C. Z. 29293 5? inches long.
&
292 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
These agree with Bleeker's description and the jjhite in Athis, excejjting
that our specimen has traces of small dusky spots on the dorsal spines. These
specimens are too deep for X. argyreum or A', macrosoma.
Xystaema oyena (Fokskal).
Labrus ojniia Forskal, Descrij). Anim., 177.), ]), ;!;"). ,
Gerres oyciia Day, Fishes of India, 187.5, ]). 00, pi. 2.5, tig. 4.
Diaplerus oyena Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1S77, 8, \t. I'Jl, 120, tal). o(Jl. IVrc. 77, fig. .5.
Nos. 09019, nineteen specimens, 2| to 3 inches long, and 09047, hw spvvi-
mens, !§ to 3 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Seven specimens from Tonga
Islands, one a specimen, M. C. Z. 29388, 51 inches long from Tongatabu; 5
specimens, No. 05886, 4 to 44 inches long, and one, No. 05887, 3i inches long
from Vavau. M. C. Z. 29461, No. 08982, three specimens, 2 to 3| inches long,
from Guam. Nos. 09053, seven specimens I to l| inches long from Truk,
Caroline Islands, and 09081, seven specimens li to l| inches long from Moen,
Caroline Islands.
It is difficult to identify these fishes with any degree of certainty on account
of their poor condition and the small size of most of the specimens. .According
to descriptions they seem to be closely related to X. limbaius and X. kapas,
but they agree best with A', oyena. The black on the caudal is more evident
in some than in others, but in all, traces of black are evident. They are more
remote from A", argyreum, the latter being a slender fish.
MULLIDAE.
Upeneus vittatus (F()usk.\l).
Bleekeu, Adas Ichth., 1877-78, 9, tab. 392, Mull., tig. 3. .Jordax & 8eale, Bull. V. .>-!. Btu'.
Fish., 1906, 25, p. 273.
Miilhis rillatiis FoRSK.\L, Dcscript. .\nim., 1775, |). 31.
No. A145, about 71 inches long, from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Black blotch covering membrane at ujijier angle of spinous dorsal from first
to tip of fifth sjnne; front tiji of soft dorsal witli black blotch.
This specimen agrees perfectly with Bleeker's figure.
Teeth in both jaws, vomer and palatines not in villiform bands, but \'ery
blunt teeth in several rows; lateral line 37.
THE SHORl'; FISHES. -293
Upeneus sulphurous Clvier & N'alenciennes.
Hisl. X;U. Poiss., llS'it), 3, p. :«1 (450). Bleekeh, Atl:i.s Iditli., 1S77-7.S, 9, tub. :}9:j, Mull, o, fig. 4.
I'pciioidc^ sutphuirii.-i GuNTHER, Cat. 1859, 1, p. 39S. D.w, Fi.she.s of Iiuli;i, 1S75, )). 120, p\. 30,
fis. 3.
No. 0S820, a specimon 4^ inclies long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Pseudupeneus moana Jord.w & S.nvdek.
Pioc. U. S. .\":it. Mu.s., lUU.j, 29, p. 354. Juud.^n <!e .Se.\i.k, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisli., I'.lOll, 26, p. 274.
One specimen, No. 08948, 42 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (L.\rEp{:DE).
JouuAN it EvERM.\KN, 15ull. V. S. Fi.sh. Comm., 1905, 23, i)t. 1, p. 25S, i\y^. 107.
.l/((H«.s- bifa>iciutu>i F.\rEi'EDE, Hist. Nat. Poi&s., 1.S02, 3, p. 404, pi. 14, fig. 2.
One specimen No. 05847, 7i inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society
Islands.
Pseudupeneus barberinus (L.\cepede).
Miillus bdrhrriiiiix L.\cepede, Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 1802, 3, p. lOli, pi. 13, fiK. 3.
Upcneuti barberinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Xat. Pois.s., 1829, 3, p. 340 (li42). Gunther,
Fischc der Sudsee, 1874, 2, p. 57, taf. 42.
Pnrupeneus barberinus Bleeker, Atla.s Ichlh., 1877, 8, tal). 393, Mull. 3, tig. 1.
One specimen. No. 08S99, AI. C. Z. 29576, nearly 7 inches long from
\'avau, Tonga Islands. Last ray of dorsal and of anal slightly produced as
represented in Lacepede's figure. No. A57 about 171 inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands. No trace of black at base of soft dorsal.
Thirteen specimens from Caroline Islands, Nos. 09082, seven specimens
li to li inches long from Moen, and 08904, M. C. Z. 29490, a specimen Ig inches
long, and 09054, five specimens if to li^o inches long from Truk.
Pseudupeneus barberinoides (Bleekeu).
V pcncus burbcrinuidcs Bleekek, Xat. Tijds. Xi;d. IiiiL, 18.52, 3, ]). 2()3.
Upeneus Irifascialus Gunther, Fische der Sudsee, 1874, 2, ]). .59, taf. 44, tig. C. (In i)arf.)
No. 05853, M. C. Z. 29788, five specimens 3 to 3i inches long from Vavau,
Tonga Islands.
294 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
MuUoides flavolineatus tLACEPEDE).
Day, Fishes of India, 1875, p. 122, pi. 30, fig. 6. Gunther, Fischc der Siidsee, 1S74, 2, p. .56.
M ulliis flavolineatus L.\cepede. Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 1802, 3, p. 40(1
Three specimens (very bad condition) 5s to 62 inches long, and No. AtiO,
lOj inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. No. 05848, a specimen Sl
inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands. Nos. 08976 and 08835, 4 and 5 inches
long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Nos. 05852, 3| and 05850, M. C. Z. 29528,
three specimens each 4 inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands. No.
09018, 3i inches long from Guam.
These specimens have shorter and more abruptly arched snout than M.
samoensis, the barbels are longer, reaching considerably beyond the preopercle,
while in M. samoensis they scarcely reach the preopercle; the spinous dorsal
(in young examples) when depressed reaches nearer the soft dorsal than in M.
samoensis, but this does not hold good in the larger examples.
Mulloides samoensis (Ii'-nther.
Fische der Sudsee, 1874, 3, p. .57, taf. 43, fig. B. Jord.\n iS Everm.^nn, Hull. U. S. Fish Comm.
190.5, 23, pt. 1, p. 2.53, fig. 105.
Four specimens, Nos. 08974, 08975, 08967, 08969, 4 to 5 inches long from
Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Two specimens, Nos. 08897, M. C. Z. 29575, 6i inches
long, and 08898, M. C. Z. 29575, 7.1 inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
Four specimens from Paumotu Islands, 2 of them, Nos. A72 and 05851, 8 and
BI long from Makemo; No. A53, 71 inches long from Fakarava, and No. 05849,
si inches long from Rangiroa. Two specimens, No. 09018, M. C. Z. 29385,
3a and 4 inches long from Guam.
While No. A72 has the more slender form of M. samoensis, the position of
the dorsal and the long barbels is like that of M. flavolineatus; the snout is
even longer, and less abruptly curved than in the other specimens of M. samoen-
sis, and it may be a distinct species; on the other hand all the characters men-
tioned distinguishing M. samoensis and M. flavolineatus may be only individual
variations of one species.
TIIK SIIOIIK FISHES. 295
POMACENTRIDAE.
Pomacentrus pavo (Blocii).
Chaelodnn pavo Bloch, Ichtli., 17S7, 3, p. 44, tab. 198, fig. 1.
No. 05882, M. C. Z. 29503, two specimens from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
Nos. 08863, 25 inches long and 08878, 3 inches long from Taritari, Gilbert
Islands.
Pomacentrus nigricans (L.\CEPi',DE).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 281.
Holocentrus nigricans LacepedE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1802, 4, p. 332, 367, 370.
Five specimens, Nos. 05877-05881, 3 to 4 inches long from Makemo, Pau-
motu Islands. No. 05860, M. C. Z. 29495, 3 inches long from Papeete, Tahiti,
Society Islands. No. 08946, M. C. Z. 29496, 3 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline
Islands, in a fresh water stream, Feb. 9, 1900.
Pomacentrus lividus (Fok.steu).
GuNTHER, Fisclif dvv Siulscp, 18S1, 7, p. 228, laf. 124, fig, F. Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. iS. Bur.
Fish., 1906, 25, p. 283.
Chaelodun lividus Forster, Bloch & Schneider's Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 235.
Two specimens, Nos. 08949, 3? inches, and 08951, M. C. Z. 29485, 3s
inches long, from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Abudefduf sordidus (Foksk.\l).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comiii., 190,"), 23, i)t. 1, )). 274.
Chactoddti sordidus Forsk."vl, Descript, .Anim., 177.5, p. 62.
Four specimens from the following localities in the Paumotu Islands:
No. 05874, 3| inches, Makatea; No. A56, 5| inches, Fakarava; No. 08824,
M. C. Z. 29395, 5 inches, Anaa; No. 05875, M. C. Z. 29502, ll inches, Rangiroa.
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (CtiviEK & Valenciennes).
Glyphisodon scpleiiifascinlus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1830, 5, p. 346 (463).
Glyphidodnn sci/lcitifascialus Day, Fishes of India, 1877, p. 386, pi. 81, fig. 7. Bleeker, Atlas
Ichth,, 1877-78, 9, tab. 409, Pomac. 10, fig. 5.
No. 05873, thirty-two specimens 2 to 52 inches long from Makatea, Paumotu
Islands.
296 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALHATROSS," 1S99-19()().
The black spot on the caudal peduncle at the entl of dorsal fin is vvvy dis-
tinct in all of the specimens up to about 3 inches in length, a little fainter in
those 3i and 85 inches long, and still fainter in specimens 31; in specimens 4|
it is barely visible and in a specimen 05 inches long it does not show.
One specimen, 2ft inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. The
band below 3-5 dorsal spine is somewhat more intensified at its upper end than
the same band in other specimens of like size from Makatea.
Nine specimens from Makemo, Paumotu Islands, as follows: Nos. A(j8,
55 inches; A83, 7 inches; A84, 6| inches; A90, 65 inches; A91, ?! inches;
A93, M. C. Z. 297G2, 7^ inches; A95, 7s inches; A97, M. C. Z. 29763. 7l inches,
A102, bi inches long, and 297(34, "l inches long from Tahaa, Society Islands.
No. A167, G inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. All of the Makemo
and other A numbers have a very pale blue wash over the dusky margins of
soft dorsal, anal, and caudal which does not quite reach edge of fins.
Abudefduf saxatilis (Li.nne).
JoiiUAN & Seauo, HuU. I'. S. l}iir. Kish., llKHi, 25, p. 285.
Cluielodon >i(i.aililiii LiNNE, Syst. Nat. cd. 10, 1758, |). 27(1
Oli/phithdon ■•i<i.ritlilif: Guntheh, Fischc der Si'ulscc, 1881, 7, p. 229, laf. 12(), fifs. A.
Seven specimens, each i inches long, from Lagoon at Fakarava, Paumotu
Islands. These specimens are too small for positive identification, but they
agree very closely with the descriptions of this species. The ground color of
the body was probably light bluish; there are 4 cross bars; no pectoral spot
and no black stripe on lobes of caudal. Six specimens, M. C. Z. 29518, igo to
i inches long fi'om Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
Muzzel and base of caudal are light yellow.
Abudefduf glaucus (CrviF.u & N'alenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Hull. U. S. Bur. FLsh., lyOG, 25, p. 28(j.
Glyphisodon glaucus Cuv. & Val., Hist. N.at. Poi.s.s., 1830, 5, ]>. 355 (-175).
Seventy-eight specimens from the following localities in the Paumotu
Islands: Nos. 05821, 25 specimens li to 2l inches long, and 05891, M. (;. Z.
29445, two specimens 1 and li inches long from Makatea; No. 05844, fift,y
specimens li^g^s to 3g inches long from Makemo; No. 05883, 21 inches long from
Fakarava.
THE SHORE EISHES 297
Abudefduf zonatus (('i\ieh & N'alenciknnes).
.loUDAN A- Shale, Hull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., lilOli, 25. p. 286.
(Iliipliisodiin zonalu.s Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 1830, 5, j). 3(11 (483).
One specimen, No. 0S926, '62 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands
Abudefduf antjerius (Kihl & \ an Hasslet).
litijliliisudon. iiidjeriu^ Kuiii- A: \'an Hasslet, Cuvior & V'alcnciennes's, Hist. Nat. I'uiss., 1830,
5, p. 3(50 (481).
(lliiiiliidoiliiii (iiilji-riits Day, Fi.'ilu's uf India, 1877, p. 387, pi. 81, fijjs. 4, T).
One specimen. No. 08912, li inches long from Arhno .Vtoll, Marshall Is-
lands. Dorsal XIII, 12; Anal II, 12.
This specimen lacks the median stripe on nape and forehead and the ocelli
on base of dorsal. The band from dorsal above eye forward is much narrower
than pupil, and is continued backward along base of dorsal in a series of inter-
rupted spots; numerous small grayish spots on scaly base of dorsal; anal uni-
form in color.
Abudefduf curacao (Bi.ocn).
Cliactodun ciinimo Bldch, Iclitli., 1787, 3, j). 106 (79), taf. 212, fig. 1.
(lhip)iis(}dnn /rifasnntiix Bleeker, \'orh. Bat. Gonoot., 1846-47, 21, p. 19.
Eight specimens from Jaluit, Marshall Islands, as follows, Nos. 09087, 5
inches long, 09010, 4 inches long, 08964, M. C. Z. 295G4, 4s inches long, and five
specimens, 31 to 41 inches long.
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepede).
Labrus sexfasciatUH LACEPi;DE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1802, 3, p. 477, ])1. li), fif;. 2.
GlyiMsodon coelcstinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1830, 5, i) 347 (464) pi. 135.
Five specimens (young) g to l| inches long, and 05859, 7 inches long, from
Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands, M. C\ Z. 29511 (1 specimen). Ten specimens,
25 to Is inches long from Fakai'ava, Paumotu Islands, and one specimen, M. C. Z.
29469, 2 inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
All the small examples have 12 or 13 anal rays, but the large example
298 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
(05859) has dorsal XII, 1, 12; anal 10, the single anal spine has the appearance
of two spines grown together. It has perhaps been broken and then grown
together.
Dascyllus aruanus (Linne).
GuNTHER, Fische der Slidsee, 1881, 7, p. 235, taf. 124, fig. B.
Chaelodon aruanus Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 17.58, p. 275.
No. 08861, M. C. Z. 29489, a specimen 2g inches long from Jaluit, Marshall
Islands. No. 05876, two specimens, ll and 2i inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands. One specimen, I2 inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society
Islands.
Dascyllus trimaculatus (RCppell).
CuviER & V.\LENciENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1830, 5, ]). 330 (441). Gunther, Fisehe der Sudsce,
1881, 7, p. 235.
Pomacentrus Irimnculatus Ruppell, Atlas, 1828, p. 39. taf. 8, fig. 3.'
No. 08859, 4t inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. No. 09029,
M. C. Z. 29397, li inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
It is possible that D. albisella Gill from Hawaii is the same as this species.
The white bar (which is the only character separating the species) in the Hawai-
ian specimens is quite large in the small examples (1 inch) and becomes gradually
smaller in larger examples ; in a 2-inch example it extends only half as far down
on the body as in the small (1-inch) example; we have no larger specimens of
D. albisella, but believe that as the fish becomes larger, the spots are smaller,
and gradually disappear. In the specimen of D. trimaculatus 4| inches long,
the spot has alnost entirely disappeared.
Dascyllus pomacentroides, sp. nov.
I'Idtr .), fiijurc 1.
Type No. 65812 U. S. N. M., (Field No. 08879), 2\ inches long from Tari-
tari, Gilbert Islands.
General form of a Pomacentrus.
'The name Pomac.i-ntrus triinaculatufs Cuvier & Valenciennes (Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 1830, 6, p. 320,
(441)J is preoccupied by Pomacrnlrun trimaculalus Riippell (1828). For the fish named Pomacoilrus
trimaculatus by Cuvier and Valenciennes we propose the name Pomacentrus dorsomaculatus.
THE SHORE EISHES. 299
Dorsal XII, 11§; anal II, II5; scales 3-27-S§, 14 poros in lateral line on left,
side and IS on right; head 3.33; dejith 2.13 in length without caudal; eye 2.72
in head; snout 4; outer teeth in lioth jaws much enlarged and conical; pre-
orbital serrate.
Color, plain brown ; all the fins brown except t hat the anal is dusky anteri-
orlj' and the upper and lower margins of caudal much darker than the middle
rays.
Chromis caeruleus fCuviER & Valenciennes).
.Jordan & Sealb, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 291).
Helioses caenikus Cuv. it Val., Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 1830, 5, p. 372 (497).
No. 08880, twenty-one specimens, l| to 2i inches long, from Taritari,
Gilbert Islands. Some of these specimens appear to have a double row of teeth
in the lower jaw in front, having two large prominently projecting teeth on each
side of symphysis of lower jaw.
No. 08862, four specimens 2l to 2] inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Is-
lands.
Nineteen specimens, M. C. Z. 29534, I5 to 2l inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands.
These specimens agree better with Cuvier & Valenciennes's description of
C. lepisunis than with C. caeruleus, but we follow .Jordan & Scale, who make
C. lepisurus a synonym of C. caeruleus.
LABRIDAE.
Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett).
Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1862, 1, p. 131, tab. 43, fig. 1. Gunther, Cat., 1862, 4, p. 140.
Julis strigivenler Bennett, Prof. Zool. .Soo. Lond., 1832, p. 184.
One specimen, No. 08954, 3io inches long from Wotje, Marshall Islands.
No. 09096, and nine specimens 08905, M. C. Z. 29477, 1 to 2 inches long from
Truk, Caroline Islands; No. 09089, eleven specimens, \\ to 21 inches long from
Moen, Caroline Islands. No. 05892, M. C. Z. 29476, two specimens, \\ and 2
inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Each one of No. 08905 has a small black spot on the base of caudal just
300 RXPEDITIOX OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
above lateral line, and one on the next to last ray in dorsal and in anal. In Xo.
090S9 the same spots are present, except in one example 2| inches long, which
lacks the spot; in No. 0S954 the spot is wanting; in No. 05892 all the spots are
much larger than in the other examples, the spot on tlorsal, in the smaller ex-
ample, is situated on the base of the 10th ray and the membrane between 9th
and 11th ray; on anal it is on base of next to last ray and the membrane in front
of it to 9th ray; in the large example dorsal spot extends from 9th ray to last, not
including 9th or last ray. These may be different species, but we can find no
other tangible differences.
Stethojulis casturi GCnther.
Fisdw (Icr .Siidsee, 1881, 7, p. 255, taf. Ul, fig. A.
Slethnjidix (dboiillata Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1862, 1, p. 132, tab. 44, fig. 5.
One specimen, No. 08957, 4 inches long from Wotje, Marshall Islands. This
specimen agrees with the figure given by Jordan and Seale, and confirms their
conclusions in separating it from »S. alhovittata of Bonnaterre.
Stethojulis bandanensis (Hleekek).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 297, pi. 45, fig 2.
Jidis bnndancnsis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1851, 2, p. 254.
Six specimens from the following localities in the Marshall Islands, Nos.
09036, three specimens 3i to Si inches, and 09079, M. C. Z. 29482, 3 inches,
from Arhno Atoll; Nos. 08955, Sl inches long, and 0895(5, 3^ inches, Wotje.
08838, M. C. Z. 29462, 3 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 301.
Julis Irimaculala Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe. Zool., 1835, 3, ]). 705, pi. 20, fig. 2.
No. 05894, two specimens, each about 2| inches long from Makemo, Pau-
motu Islands, and No. 05893, M. C Z. 29508, two specimens, each about 2 inches
long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Julis pulcherrima (Gt'NTUER).
Cat,, 1862, 4, p. 200.
No. A134, 9 inches long from Kambara, Fiji Islands.
THE SIIOIIK FISHES. 301
Head 3.41 in length of liody to base of caudal; depth 3.41 ; eye (i.l in head;
snout, including uppcM' H]i 3.22; ventral 1.35; pectoral 1.40; longest dorsal
spine (1st) 1.41; dorsal IX, 12; A. Ill, 12; scales 6-78-27.
Color in alcohol, head reddish purplish; traces of bands running same as
in ./. purpureum in Jordan ct Evermann's Hawaiian Report; these bands have a
faint bluish tinge in alcohol; body brownish, darker on back, with small scat-
tered white spots anteriorly, more crowded, larger and bluish white posteriorly,
anteriorly no spots on side below pectoral fins, but some immediately under the
pectoral, extending from dorsal to anal posteriorly; a dark brown blotch in
membrano between first two dorsal spines; a row of spots running from tlorsal
forward on nape to above eye, a similar row lielow this extending from dorsal to
middle of eye; the fin yellowish with faint brownish base; a bluish white spot
ocellated with brown; at base of each spine and ray, except first spine and ray,
a row of similar spots extending from head on each side of nape; fin above these
spots thickly spotted with similar but smaller spots for about two-thirds of its
height, these spots terminating above abi'uptly in a row of spots running the
entire length of fin; a faint brownish broken narrow band extending from 3d
spine to 3d ray; outer margin of fin bluish white with a thread-like inner margin
of brown; anal yellowish with a purplish brown base, and a narrow bluish white
margin, this margin bordered within l)y a thread-like purplish brown line;
a white spot on second spine just above base, a comparatively large white spot,
at base of 3d spine and at base of all the soft rays excepting the next to last v&y,
a row of bluish white marks and spots beginning on 3d spine just beyond these
dots and about midway of height of fin, these markings being irregular semi-
circular crescents and spots anteriorly, each one beginning on rays and extending
on membranes of this character as far as 6th soft ra,y, thence continuing as
irregular spots to end of fin ; each one of these marks bordered with faint jiur-
plish brown; beyond these, a row of small ocelli with white centers and purplish
brown outer rim; between 3d anal spine and 6th soft ray, these ocelli are much
smaller than others; two on each membrane; caudal mostly yellow, with purplish
brown base; pectoral similar to caudal; ventral slight purplish brown with pale
blue outer rays.
Our specimen seems undoubtedly J uUs pulcherrima of Giinther, but it
differs from specimens fi'om the Hawaiian Islands identified as J. pulchcrrirua
302 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALBATROSS/' 1S99-1900.
by Jordan t^- Evermann, in having a larger eye and longer snout and also in
minor color differences. The type of J. pulcherriina came from the South Paci-
fic, the type of J. gaimard from Hawaiian Islands. There have been many so-
called J. pulcherrima recorded from Hawaii by various collectors and ver>' few
have got any which they identified as /. gaimard. The stated differences are so
slight that it is doubtful if the Hawaiian ./. (/aimard and /. pulcherrima are
really distinct.
The color of our specimen agrees fairly well with that of Bleeker's Coris
formosa in Atlas 1, tab. 19, fig. 3, but he states in his descriptions that J.formosa
has more scales than J. gaimardi; the reverse is the case in the figures.
Thalassoma lunare (Linne).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1900, 25, p. '40').
Labrus Iniinris Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 283.
One specimen, No. 08960, Oi inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Depth 3.76; head 3.54; eye 5.83; snout 3.04; dorsal VIII, 13; anal II,
11; scales 4-28-9.
Head naked except for a group of 3 small scales on each side of head just
above opercles, partly on upper part of opercle.
Color in alcohol, head a dark purplish brown, with lighter bands running
obliquely downward and backward across opercles to edge of gill opening; two
light bands crossing lower jaw, one just in front of angle of mouth, the other a
little further back; body brownish yellow; a large black blotch across caudal
peduncle at base of caudal fin; the prolonged rays of the caudal dusky on their
basal third; soft and spinous dorsal with a purplish brown base and broad pale
margin; anal similar; pectoral purplish brown at base of upper ray and with
oblong similarly colored spot on upper half of pectoral but not reaching the tip.
Thalassoma purpureum (Forsk.Il).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1905, 25, p. S05.
Scarus purpureas Forskal, Descript. Anim., 1775, p. 27.
One specimen, No. A105, II5 inches long from Whitsunday Island, Pinaki,
Paumotu Islands.
THE SHORE FISHES. 303
Cheilinus digrammus (Lacepede).
.loiiDAX & SioAi.io, Hull. r. S. Hur. I'M)., 1906, 25, p. :?09.
Ldhnia iliaf/riiitiinuH L.^cepede, Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1SI)2, 3, ]). 4-lS, 517, TjIS, pi. 1, lifr, 2.
Chriliiiii.s niiliiilus Bleeker, .\tkis Iclith., lSf)2, 1, )). 04, 6S, tab. 2(), tig. 1.
No. A171, a specimen (if inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. No.
08952, M. C. Z. 29515, a specimen 5 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Cheilinus undulatus Rippell.
Neuc Wirb. Fischp, 1835, p. 20, tal'. ti, Hg. 2. JoiU).\N & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi,sh., 1900, 25, p.
309.
No. 08953, M. C. Z. 29380, 4i inches long, from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
No. A163, 10 inches long from Taritari, Gilbert Islands. No. A16, 18 inches
long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands. No. 08872, (i| inches long from Suva,
Fiji Islands.
No. 08872, M. C. Z. 29569, is in very bad condition and the identification
is not certain.
The small example. No. 08953, from Kusaie is similar in color, general
shape, and measurements to the fish figured by Giinther in Siidsee, pi. 133, fig.
B, except that it has 10 spines. Ours gives the following counts; dorsal X, 9;
anal III, 82; scales 3-22-6.
In No. A163 the color is exactly like that in No. A16, except that it lacks the
vermiculations of No. AKi at the axil and base of pectoral. It has dorsal IX,
10; anal III, 85; scales 3-22-6; head 2.8 to base of caudal; depth 2.7; orbit
7; snout 2.3.
No. A16 gives the following measurements: head 2.8 to base of caudal;
depth 2.75; orbit 8 in head ; snout 2.3; dorsal X,102; anal III, 85; scales 3-22-6 ;
ventrals not reaching anal; maxillary not reaching orbit; the posterior edge
of gape not reaching orbit by a distance equal to nearly the width of orbit;
longest dorsal rays, when depressed, reaching slightly beyond origin of upper
caudal rays, anal rays about equal in extent to dorsal rays; caudal rounded.
In alcohol there are narrow wavy pale bars and reticulations on the caudal,
the edge of fin with broad pale margin; soft dorsal and anal similarly colored,
but lacking the pale margins; spinous dorsal similarly colored, but the bars are
narrower, and more nuirierous; 2 short irregular narrow broken purplish brown
304 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
bars i'rom the eye backward; rest of head covered with narrow pale vei'inicula-
tions and streaks.
Inasmuch as our two large specimens have 9 and 10 spines respectively
and they do not otherwise differ, the genus Thalliurus based on 10 spines alone
is therefore not tenable. CUinther's figure of ('. chlorurus is not the C. chloriirus
figured by either Bloch or Bleeker, and differs in coloration and in ha\ing a
rounded caudal.
Cymolutes praetextatus (Qruv & Gaimard).
Day, Fishes of India, 1877, p. 409, pi. 90, fig. 1.
Julia iimclc.iialiitt QuoY & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe. Zoo!., 1S.3.'5, 3, p. 712, pi. I.t, fig. 4.
One specimen, No. 05897, 3 inches long from Namuka, Tonga Islands.
Dorsal IX, 13; anal III, 12; scales 75 in lateral line.
This specimen agrees exactly in fin formation with Quoy & Gaimard's descrip-
tion. The original color is now but faintly indicated, but what can be seen agrees
with the figure given by Quoy & Gaimard, excepting that our specimen has a
small black spot on upper edge of caudal peduncle at base of caudal fin. This
spot is stated by Jordan & Evermann to be present in some specimens of C.
leclusii from Hawaii. Our specimen also agrees fairly well with C. praetextatus
given by Day. There is no indication in our specimen of the line under the eye
and the broad shoulder band, as shown in Bleeker's figure in Atlas Ichth., 1,
pi. 31, fig. 1.
SCARIDAE.
Scarichthys caeruleopunctatus (Rippell).
GtiNTHER, Fische der Sudsee, 1909, 8, p. 300.
Scarus {Callindon) coeruleopundalus Ruppell, Neup Wirbe. Fisohe, 183.5, p. 24, taf. 7, fig. 3.
Ten specimens from Tonga Islands at Vavau, as follows: — Nos. 0589(),
eight specimens, 2i to 5| inches long; 05895, M. C. Z. 29381, 51 inches long,
and A130, M. C. Z. 29383, 5? inches long.
Scarus brunneus Jenkins.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1900, 19, p. .'iO, (ig. 111.
Nos. A133, M. C. Z. 29770, 85 inches, and A135, 8^ inches long from Kani-
bara, Fiji Islands. No. A192 64 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
THE shorp: fishes. 305
No. A192 has <ine toolli on one side and two on other side of upper jaw;
No. A133 has one tooth on I'ight sitle and none on left side; No. .\.135 has one
tooth on right side and one on left side.
We have compared our specimens with specimens of S. brunneus, S. bata-
viensis, S. erythrodon, and the type of »S. erythacus and find that they differ in no
way fi-om S. brunneus except in a naturally larger eye in our specimens, which
are smaller than those we had of /S. brunneus.
Scarus pulchellus Ri'ppell.
Neue Wirb. Fische, 183.5, p. 2.'), taf. 8, fig. 3.
Pseudosmrus pulchellus Bleeker, .\tlas Ichth., 1862, 1, p. 20, 34, tab. 10, fig. 3. Guntheh, Cat.,
1862, 4, p. 219.
No. A40, 14 inches long from P'akarava, Paumotu Islands.
Head 3.4 in length; eye 6.71 in head; snout 2.09; pectoral 1.3; dorsal IX,
10; anal III, 9.
General color in alcohol greenish gray, darker on the back; pectorals trans-
lucent yellowish; dorsal and anal with a narrow dark margin, that of the dorsal
being darkest on spinous portion of fin; caudal with yellow membranes and
greenish yellow rays and i^aler margin, the somewhat produced lobes a little
darker than rest of fin.
Scales 25-24-6; interlobular margin somewhat rounded; 4 scales before
the dorsal; 3 rows on cheek; no teeth at corner of mouth; teeth white; lips
cover more than half the jaws.
This specimen agrees very well with S. pulchellus except the color, and this
we cannot make out.
Scarus bataviensis Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 18,57, 13, p. 342.
Calhjndon bataviensis Jordan & Sealb, Bvill. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1006, 25, p. 323, fig. 61.
Pseudoscarus bataviensis Bleeker, .\tlas Ichth., 1862, 1, tab. 12, fig. 3, p. 22, 48. GtJNTHER,
Fischp der Siidspe, 1909, 8, p. 317.
Nos. A189, M. C. Z. 29777, and A190 from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
The teeth in No. .4189 are i on right side and i on left; in No. A190 they
are i on right and f on left .
30(1 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
Regarding the color of these specimens it is like that describetl by .lordan
fe Seale, rather than that of Bleeker.
c
EPHIPPIDAE.
Platax orbicularis (Forskal).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., llKKi, 25, p. 335.
Cliriclorloii orhicukiris Forsk.Il, Dcscript. .\nim., 177.5, p. 59.
One specimen, No. 05890, li inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands.
CHAETODONTIDAE.
Forcipiger longirostris ( liRorssoxET).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. »S. Fish. Coium., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 363, pi. 4().
t
Chadodon longirmtris Broussonet, Ichth. sist. Piscium, 1782, p. 23, pi. 7.
Phili- -J, fiyurc 2.
One specimen I inch long, taken at the surface off Fakarava, Paumotu
Islands.
This is probably the Tholichthys stage of F. longirostris as shown by the
great development of the armature on the head.
Megaprotodon trifascialis (Qrov & Gaimard).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190ti, 25, p. 336, pi. 50, fig. 1
Chnrfodon trifasri'ili.'< QuoY & Gaimard, Voy. Uranie. Zool., 1S25, p. 379, pi. 62, fig. 5.
No. 05885, a specimen lis inches long from Fakarava, Paumotn Islands.
Chaetodon setifer Block.
Idith., 1788, 6, pi. 426, fig. 1. Jord.^n & Evermann, Hull. U. 8. Fish. Comrn., 1905, 23, i)t. 1,
p. 364, pi. 47. Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 338.
The collection contains the following specimens from Taritari, Gilbert
Islands: Nos. AI64, Ol inches; A162, M. C. Z. 29746, 4i inches; A174, M. C. Z.
29747, 5l inches. From Makemo, Paumotu Islands, Nos. A76, 5? inches;
A79, M. C. Z. 29744, 7| inches; ASS, 7| inches; AlOI, 7 inches and AI04,
M. (\ Z. 29745, 7 inches. From Ku.saie, Caroline Islands, No. 08808, 2? inches
long.
THE SHORE FISHES. 307
Chaetodon ulietensis (imek & \'\lencienxks.
Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1831, 7, p. 30 (39J. Jokd.\n & Se.vlk, Bull, U, S. Bar. Fish., I'llKi, 25, p. 340.
Nos. A82, ASS, ASO and 05SS9, four specimens 5 to 65 inches long from
Makemo, Paumotu Islands, and 05SS8, two specimens, each 5i inches long from
Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
This species is closely related to C. falcula of Bloch, from which according
to Jordan & Seale ''it is well distinguished." The figures of C. falcula of Bloch,
Bleeker, and Day, have a somewhat different color pattern than that of C.
ulietensis.
Chaetodon lunula (L.^cepede).
JoRD.\.\ it EvEnM.\NN, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 3513, pi. 54, tig. 160.
Pomacentnisliundd Lac, Hist. N:it. Poiss., 1802, 4, p. 507, 510, 513.
Nos. A86, M. C. Z. 29750, iil inches, and A89, 6g inches long, from Makemo,
Paumotu Islands. Four specimens, Nos. 09070, M. C. Z. 29501, i to I inches
long, and 0906S, i inches long from Arlmo, and 09077, I inches long from Wotje,
both in Marshall Islands.
Chaetodon kleinii IJujui.
Ichth., 1787, 4, p. 7, tab. 218, tig. 2, after Klein.
TelragonoplTus (Lepidochaelodon) kleini Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1877-78, 9, p. 45, tab. 373, Chai't.
11, fig. 3.
Nos. 0S858, four specimens, 85 to -1 inches long, and 0S963, M. C. Z. 2979S,
3i inches; 0S982, M. C. Z. 29798, 3 inches; 089G5, 4i inches, from Jaluit,
Marshall Islands.
Chaetodon trifasciatus Mungo Park.
Trans. Linn. Scic, 1797, 3, ]). 34. .Jord.vn & Everm.\n.\, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pi.
1, ]). 372, pi. 52. Jordan & Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 344.
No. 08864, a specimen 3| inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
308 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
ZANCLIDAE.
Zanclus canescens (Linne).
Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. 1877-78, 9, p. 77-78, tab. 360, Chact., tab. 4, fig. '.i. Ji)KD.\n it Kvekm.wn,
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, p. 382, pi. .57. Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish.,
1906, 25, p. 350.
Chaetodon canescens Linne, Syst. Nat. cd. 10, 1758, ]). '272.
No. A175, 6 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
No. 08840, M. C. Z. 29790, 2| inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
TEUTHIDIDAE.
Teuthis nigricans (Linne).
Chaetodon niyricans Linne, Sy.st. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 274.
Hepalus nigricans Jordan & Seale, Bull. l^. 8. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. .351.
No. 08873, a specimen 51 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Teuthis elongatus (Laiepede).
fChaelodon elongatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 1802, 4, ]>. 471, fig. 2.
Acanthurus nigros Gijnther, Cat., 1861, 3, p. 332. FLschp dpr Siidsee, 1875, 4, p. 110.
Two specimens from Truk, Caroline Islands, Nos. 09059, I§ inches long, and
09052, M. C. Z. 29582, ill inches long. The last has the following measure-
ments, dorsal IX, 272; anal III, 2b\; scales minute; 11 lobate teeth in each jaw;
the ridges of the larval form are indicated on the cheek and on the throat. Gen-
eral color light purplish brown, a broad silvery area as wide as snout extending
from belly to a little above pectoral; dorsal, ventral, and anal dusky; pectoral
and caudal pale; trace of a yellowish band across base of caudal. Number
09059 seems to differ from the above only in the fin raj's which are: dorsal IX,
26; anal III, 24.
Because of the small size of these specimens it is impo.ssible to identify (hcni,
with certainty, but they agree more nearly with Acanfhiints nigros (liinther
especially in the number of teeth antl the fin fonniilac than with any other
described species.
THE SHORE EISIH<:S. ;!()«)
Teuthis triostegus (Liimne).
Chaetoilon triosd'gus Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 274.
Acanlhurus triontedus GtiNTHER, Cat., 1861, 3, p. 327. D,\Y, FLshcs of Inilia, I.S70, p. 204, pi. 48, fig. 2.
Ihjiiiliis triodtcyu^ JoHU.K^ & .Se.\le, Bull. U. S, Bui-. Fish.. l<IO(i, 25, \>. 3.54.
Nos. 05872, Is inches long from Fakarava, and 05924, M. C. Z. 29480,
three specimens, li to 2§ inches long from Makemo, each in Paumotu Islands.
Nos. 08927, 2^ inches long from Jaluit, and 08910, M. C. Z. 29483, li inches long
from Arhno Atoll, each in Marshall Islands.
Jordan and Scale say: "this seems like sandwichensis, but lacks one cross-
band and is very pale; only 4 bands on sides." Regarding sandvicensis they say,
"This is the most abundant species of the genus about Hawaii, where it replaces
the closely allied H. triostegus. The differences, although slight, are constant."
We have compared our specimens with a specimen of sandvicensis from
Hawaii, and find the number of cross bands the same, the only difference being
the somewhat darker color of the Hawaiian specimen and the continuation of
the shoulder band downward and backward below the upper base of the pec-
toral, which is well shown in the figure given by .lordan & Evermann (Bull.
U. S. Fish. Comm. 23, jit. l.fig. 172). In our specimens the band does not extend
below the pectoral, which character is well shown in Day's figure of T. triostegus.
Another specimen. No. 09072 (larval form) Is inches long from .Vrhno Atoll,
Marshall Islands.
In color this specimen differs but slightly from Teuthia elcguns Gannan,
Deep Sea Fishes, p. 70, ])!. 50, fig. 2, the only differences being in the faint V-
shaped mark on caudal jieduncle, fainter dots at the base of the anal, none at
base of the dorsal and a much darker end to the caudal. It differs in other re-
spects as follows: the spines at the ends of alternate ridges at the bases of dorsal
and anal are arranged in groujjs of 2-4 instead of 3-(3; the second dorsal spine
is equal to the distance from the posterior edge of the pupil to the tip of the snout,
instead of equal to the eye and snout; and it has no denticles on the anterior
edge, but merely presents a rough and irregular surface, where T. elegans is said
to have about nine denticles, it is distinctly grooved on each side, with the
appearance of two close-set spines, the i)osterioi' portion of which seems to be
finely serrate on the sides; and the margin of the spinous dorsal instead of hav-
310 EXPEDITION OF THE " AL15ATHOSS," 1899-1!)()().
ing an even curve with the margm of the soft dorsal fi'dni the tij) of tlie secontl
spine, is sHghtlj' falcate; a condition due to the second spine exceeding the third
in length, it being about .2 longer; the second sj^ine of the anal is similar to the
2nd spine of the dorsal and has 9 or 10 denticles about the middle of its anterior
edge; dorsal IX, 23 instead of IX, 22; anal III, 20, instead of III, 21.
Teuthis guttatus (Bloch & Schneider).
Acanthnrus guUatus Bloch & Schneider, >S3'st. Ichth., 1801, p. 21."i.
Hepalus guttalus Jordan & Everm.\nn, Bull. U. .S. Fish. Comm., lilU.j, 23, pi. 1, p. o92, lig. 170.
JoRD.VN & Se.\le, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 3.54.
No. A160, 9 inches, and A161, M. C. Z. 29755, 85 inches long from Tari-
tari, Gilbert Islands, Nos. A47, 7 inches long, and A48, M. C. Z. 29756, 7i inches
long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Teuthis mata (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Acantliuriis mata Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 183.5, 10, ]>. 148 (202). Day, Fishes of Iiuliii,
1876, p. 205, pi. 48, fig. 1.
No. A24, M. C. Z. 29736, 111 inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
This specimen has the head 4 in length; depth 2.18; eye 4.44 in head;
snout 1.87; preorbital 2.30; pectoral 1.74 in depth; dorsal IX, 25; anal III,
23; 9 teeth on each side in upper jaw.
No. A38, a specimen 12i inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
This specimen has the head 3.81 in length; depth 2.25; eye 4.2 in head;
snout 1.97; preorbital 2.42; pectoral 1.73 in depth; dorsal IX, 25; anal III,
232; 10 teeth on each side in upper jaw.
Tail when spread has the inner portion truncate and the outer rays pro-
duced, somewhat lunate when not spread; length of the head about equal to
its depth in a line through the middle of the eye.
Color dark brown, with numerous narrow, wavy, longitudinal, bluish strijies,
these alike on head and body; they meet on the front jirofile of the head; breast
with coarser stripes; pectoral brown, grading into a ]iale bluish terminal margin,
into which the brown of the rays continue; caudal, anal, and dorsal daik brown,
dorsal and anal with a darker margin; ventrals brown.
THE SHORE EISHES. 311
Ctenochaetus striatus (Qrov & (iAiMARi)).
Jordan it Evermann, Bull. I'. S. Fish. Comm., IDOf), 23, pi. 1, p. 31)S, fig. 174. Jordan & Sioale,
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190t), 25, ]). 354.
Aca/ilhiirus striatum Qrov tt Oaimard, Voy Uranip. Zool., 182.5,' p. 373, pi. 63, fig. 3.
No. 05925, two specimens, each 2g inches long from Papeete, Tahiti,
Society Islands.
Zebrasoma rhombeum (Kittlitz).
JoRDA.N & Seale, Bull. r. y. Bur. Fish., 190(i, 25, p. 355.
Acaiithiinis liionihiiis KiTTi.iTZ, ScuckonlxTg Mus., 1834, 1, p. l!1(i, ))!. 13, fig. 16.
Nos.A109,7i inches; A113, M. C. Z. 29749, 6^ inches and A114, 6^ inches
long from Tahaa, Society Islands.
Jordan & Seale suggest the possibility of the two forms Z. flavescens and Z.
rliombeum being color variations of one diacromatic species.
Zebrasoma veliferum (Block).
Jordan it Evermann, Bull. L'. S. Fish. Cuiiini., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 390, fig. 173. Jordan it Seale,
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 356.
Acriiilhiinis nlifa- Bloch, Irhth., 1793, 9, ]). 106, taf. 427, fig 1.
Nos. Alio, 9i'o inches; Alll, 9 inches and A112, M. C. Z. 29739, 9| inches
long from Tahaa, Society Islands.
Acanthurus brevirostris (f'uviER & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, p. 401, fig. 176.
Naseus brevirostris Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1835, 10, p. 204 (277j, i)l. 291. Ucntheu,
Fischp dcr Siictsee, 1875, 4, p. 121, taf. 79, fig. A, text fig. 5.
No. A18, M. C. Z. 29738, female, 111 inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu
Islands. This specimen has head 4.36 in length; depth 2.54; eye 4 in head;
distance from front of eye to tip of horn 4.51 in length; eye to tip of upper lip,
1.76 in head; dorsal VI, 27; anal II, 29.
No. A15, a female specimen, 12 inches long, from Rangiroa, Pamnotu
Islands. This specimen has head 4.54 in length; depth 2.65; eye 4 in head;
distance from front of eye to tip of horn 4.06 in length ; eye to tip of upper lip
1.64 in head; dorsal \'I, 26; anal II, 28.
312 EXPF.DITIOX OF THE " AL15ATR0SS," 1S99-1900.
No. A23, a male specimen, I2§ inches long, from Rangiroa, Pauniotu Is-
lands. This specimen has head 4.1) in length; depth 2.67; eye 4 in head; dis-
tance from front of eye to tip of horn 3.2 in length; eye to tip of u])per lij) 1.6
in head; dorsal VI, 28; anal II, 29.
No. A23 is a male and has the snout much longer than the other specimens,
its length measured from underneath is 21 inches long and just equals length
of head; the two spines on each side of the caudal peduncle are longer than those
in the other specimens, and are close together; their distance apart being less
than their height; they are broad, sharp and hooked forward, the posterior
one the hirger; its height measured on the anterior edge is slightly less than its
base; soft dorsal and anal, when depressed, reach the bases of upper and lower
caudal rays respectively; caudal truncate.
Ground color, a dark brown on back, graduated to a lighter bi'own on side
and belly; horn marked by narrow longitudinal dusky stripes; cheeks, pre-
orbital, and preopercle covered with small round dark spots ; opercle with round
dark spots on its upper part, becoming oblong and line-like on lower portion;
opercular membrane or flap creamy white ; back thickly covered with very small
round dusky spots, becoming slightly vertical, oblong in the region of lateral line,
and increasing in length on the sides, anteriorly forming linear oblong spots,
and on the middle of the body narrow vertical bands; just anterior to caudal
spines the spots are round; these markings reach a horizontal line extending
from the lower base of the pectoral posteriorly, to about the beginning of the
posterior 4th of the base of the soft anal; base of caudal spotted; dorsal and
anal plain light brown, the membrane of spinous portion shows traces of a
narrow black margin; pectoral light brown, with indication of a lighter margin;
caudal greenish yellow, with a dark grayish brown terminal margin; breast,
throat, and abdominal region, plain light brown, showing traces of a few \('iy
small dusky darker spots just below pectoral.
Nos. A15 and A18, both females. The horn of Al"), measured from below, is
1.56 inches long and is 1.5 in head; tlu^ horn of AIS is 1.37 inches long and is
1.71 in luvul. The spines on caudal peduncle of A15 are smaller and farther
apart than in A23; their distance apart being much greater than their height
or the length of their base; the spines are rounded and not triangular as in A23,
and about half as high as length of base; slightly inclined forward, but not
TH1-: SHORE FISHES. . 313
hooked. The spines in A18 are the same as in A15, but their bases are a little
closer together, the distance between them being about equal to base of 1st
spine. The horn of A15 is much more slender than that in A18; caudal slightly
emarginate.
These specimens have been batlly preserved and the original color cannot
be made out, but they are now brown, showing no traces of spots or lines;
except on base of caudal of A 15; there are traces of longitudinal stripes on the
horns; opercular flap yellow; fins similar in color to A23.
While the horns of these specimens are longer than the dimensions given
in cLH-rent descriptions they, as well as the descriptions, show a wide variation
in that character; and since they agree so well in other respects, and inasmuch
as this variation seems dependent upon age, size, and sex, we believe them t(j be
A. brevirosiris.
Acanthurus vlamingi (Cuvier & Val?:nciennes).
Nascna rUimingi Crv. A- \'al., Hisl. N:it. Poiss., 1S35, 10, p. 216 ('29:5,).
Nascus vlnmiiKjii Gunther, Fische der Siidsoo, 187.5, 4, p. 123, tiif. SI.
No. A21, 1.5 inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
SIGANIDAE.
Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn).
EvERM.\NN it Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., I'.KIT, 26, p. 98.
Ccnlrof/tixlcrjuncescens Houttuyn, Verh. Hall. Maat. Weet. Haarlan. 1782, 20, [). '.y.i'.i.
Nos. 08811, 55 inches; 08812, .51 inches, and 08813, AI. C. Z. 29783, 51
inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
These specimens are in very poor condition.
Siganus punctatus (Hloch & Schneider).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. I'. .S. Bur. Fish., UtOti, 25, p. 360.
Aiuphdcanthus imnclatus Block &. Schneider, Sy.st. Ichth., ISOl. |i. 210.
No. A05, a specimen 132 inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
This specimen has head 4. GO in length; depth 2.45; eye 4 in head; snout
2.4; pectoral 1.12; dorsal XII, 10; anal VII, 9.
314 KXFKDITIOX OF TIIF " AM5ATR()SS," 1S99-1900.
No. A182, M. C. Z. 29753, a specimen 121 inches long from Arhno, Marshall
Islands.
This specimen has head 4.62 in length; depth 2.5; eye 4.07; snout 2.4;
pectoral 1.23; dorsal XIII, 10; anal VII, 10.
In each the caudal is deeply lunate when spread, otherwise it appears deeply
forked.
Color of No. A65, head and body rather dark brown, showing faint traces
of the spotted or reticulated effect, like that in Gunther's figure of Tcuthis
rostrata (Fische der Siidsee, taf. 60); pectorals yellow; ventrals gray, barret!
with brown; spiiKjus dorsal gray, mottled with brown, spinous anal same;
soft dorsal and anal have a translucent membrane, and rays barred with brown;
caudal brown, grading into a mottled greenish gray terminal margin. Other
specimens are colored in the same way, but show no mottling on caudal margin.
We follow Jordan ct Scale in identifying this fish as S. punctatus, which
from descriptions seems to differ from S. rostrnius in no way except in depth of
body.
Siganus rostratus (CrviEH & ^^\LENClENNEs).
Jordan & Seale, Hull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 3(iO.
Ainphacanthus roslratus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 183.5, 10, p. 1 Hi (158).
TcaOiis ruslrata GC.N'THEn, Fische der .Siidsee, 1874, 3, p. 89, t:if. 60.
One specimen, No. 09032, 2 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
SCORPAENIDAE.
Sebastopsis scabra (Ha.msav & OtaLin).
.JoHDAN & Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 190(), 25, ii. :174, tig. 71.
Sebadcs scabra Ramsay & Oculby, Proe. Linn. Soe. N. S. Wales, ISS.'i, 10, p. .'177.
No. 05935, a specimen li inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands.
No. 08943, a specimen, M. C. Z. 29468, 2^ inches long from Kusaie, Caro-
line Islands.
Scorpaenopsis laotale (Jordan & Seale).
Sclidslapitilc-'i hioltili .JdUUAN &■ Seale, Bull. V . S. Hur. Kish., 19(Hi, 25, p. o7(i, tif{. 7'2.
One specimen, No. 05918, I5 inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
THE SHORE FISHES. 315
Although Jordan & Seale include this species in Sebastapistes, thej^ state
that it has no palatine teeth. The presence of palatine teeth is one of the gen-
eric characteristics of Sebastapistes. Jordan & Seale make the Scorpaena
tristis of Giinther's Stidsee a synonym of Sebastapistes laotale notwithstanding
that Gunther says it has palatine teeth. We therefore transfer it to Scorjiae-
nopsis.
Sebastapistes galactacme Jenkins.
Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1904, 22, p. 49(), fig. 40, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. V. S. Kisli. Conun.,
190.i, 23, pt. 1, p. 4.59, fig. 201. Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 26, p. 376, name only.
One specimen (poor condition), No. 05937, ll inches long from Suva, Fiji
Islands.
The specimen has no supraorbital cirrhus, but one of the two cotypes of
Jenkins had none, while the other had a conspicuous one. In other respects it
agrees very well with the descrijition given by Jenkins.
Sebastapistes tristis (Klunzinger).
.Jordan & Skalk, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1901), 25, p. :577.
Scorpae/ia Irislix Ki.unzingkr, .Synopsis Fische Rothcn Meeres, 1870, p. 802.
No. 05936, a specimen 21 inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands.
Pterois volitans (Linne).
CoviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Xat. Foiss., 1829, 4, p. 2.58 (3.52), pi. 88. Gunther, Fische dcr
Stidsee, 1874, 3, p. 81.
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190B, 25, p. 379.
Gii.'<ter()!iteus I'olilan.'i Linne, Syst. Xat. Ed. 10, 17.58, p. 296.
One specimen 11 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Pterois radiata Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 1829, 4, p. 27.5 (369). Gt:NTHER, Fische der Stidsee, 1874, 3, p. 81, taf. .56, fig. .\.
One specimen No. 05927, 4 inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Pterois antennata (.Blochj.
GtiNTHER, Cat., 1860, 2, ]>. 124.
Scnrpnena anlennalii Bloch, .\us1. iMsehe, 1788, 6, p. 16, laf. 18.5.
Two specimens, No. 05931, 22 and 3l inches long from Makatea, Paumotu
Islands. M. C. Z. 29519 (1 specimen).
316 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
Synanceja verrucosa Ulocii & Schneider.
Sys(. Ichlh., l.SDl, )). 10.',, (:ib. 45. .Jordan it Se.\le, Bull. U. i^. Bur. Fish., I'.lOii, 25, p. 371).
Two specimens, No. A194, M. C. Z. 29754, 9 and 92 inches, respectively,
from ..laluit, Marshall Islands.
CARACANTHIDAE.
Caracanthus maculatus (Gr.vy).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fi.sh. Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 4.53, fig. 19S.
Micropus maculatus Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 20.
No. 05934, a specimen I2 inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Amphiprionichthys unipinna (Gray).
Mkrnpus unipinna Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 20.
Caracanlhiin unipinna, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fi.sh. Comm., 1005, 23, pt. 1, p. 454.
No. 05932, four specimens, 5 to Is inches long, from Makemo, Paumotu
Islands. :\I. C. Z. 29399 (2 specimens).
GOBIIDAE.
Ophiocara porocephala (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 25, p. 384; 1908, 27, p. 274.
Eleotris porocephala Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1837, 12, p. 178.
Eleolris ophicephalus Kuhl & Van Hasselt, Cuv. & Val's. Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1837, 12, p. 180 (239).
. Eleolris ophiocephaliis Gunther, FLsohe der Sudsee, 1877, 6, p. 185, taf. 112, fig. A.
One specimen, No. 08801, 5i inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Head 3 in length; eye 6 in head; snout 3.2; dorsal VI-I, 9; anal I, 8;
scales 34, 22 in front of dorsal.
One specimen, No. 08988, M. C. Z. 29392, 3g inches long from Kusaie,
Caroline Islands.
Head 2.9 in length; eye 4.5 in head; snout 3.33; dorsal VI-I, 9; anal I,
8; scales 33.
Two specimens, lOl and II2 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
The smaller specimen has dorsal VI, 1, 82; anal, I, 72; scales from origin of
THK SHORE FISHES. 317
dorsal to anal 11, from upjier (mkI of gill opening to last large scale 35, from front
of dorsal to line on middle of eye 15; maxillary reaches line on middle of eye.
The larger specimen agrees in all the above counts and is similar in color in all
respects, both agreeing with Giinther's figure and description, but not with that
of Day; it is more like Day's figure of 0. porocephalus in coloration and size of
mouth; Giinther includes 0. porocephalus of Cuv. & Val. in his synonymy of 0.
ophiocephalus in which he is probably correct. M. C. Z. 29784, Kusaie, Caroline
Islands (1 specimen).
Asterropterix semipunctatus Rt-ppell.
Axlen-nplcri.r urmipitiicldliDi RuppELL, Atlas, 1.S2S, p. 139, taf. 34, fig. 4. .Jordan & Skai.e, Bull.
U. 8. Bur. P"i.sh., 1906, 25, p. '.iSr,, pi. 3(i, fig. 1.
Etcolris semipiincliita Gunther, Kischc dcr Siid.soo, 1S77, 6, p. 1S7. taf. Ill, fig. D.
One specimen, No. 05920, li inches long from Fakai'ava, Paumotu Islands.
Eviota zonura .Ioudan & Seale.
Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish.. 19fm, 25, p. 3Sli, fig. 7.5.
The collection contains the following fi-om the Paumotu Islands: two
specimens, M. C. Z. 29379, each about f inches long from Fakarava; two
specimens, is and I inch 'ong from Rangiroa and one specimen, lo inch long
from Makemo.
Periophthalmus barbarus (Linne).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 19()(), 25, p. 393.
Gohiiis barhnrns I^inne, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 17()(), p. 4.50.
Nos. 09098, a specimen 4§ inches long and 09099, 4§ inches long from Moen,
Truk Group, Caroline Islands. No. 05910, M. C. Z. 29521, 2| inches long from
Suva, Fiji Islands.
Oplopomus oplopomus (('(tvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., lOOO, 25, |). 39(i.
Gobius oiilopomus Cuv. & Val., Hist. \at. I'oi.ss., 1S37, 12, p. .50 (00). Gunther, Fische dor
Sttdsee, 1S77, 6, p. 170, taf. 110, fig. B.
One specimen, No. 09060, 21 inches long, from Moen, Truk Ciroup, Caroline
Islands.
318 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
D. M, I, 10: anal I, 10.
This agrees ven- well with CUinther's description and figure of this species.
It is, however, a little more slender, and has one more dorsal ray than Giinthei-
gives in his description, but the same number as shown in his figure. This
species resembles 0. vergens Jordan & Seale in having a more slender body and
distinct lateral spots, but differs from 0. vergens in having a larger eye; two con-
spicuous canine teeth on the lower jaw and produced sjiinous rays in the first
dorsal fin.
Ruppellia echinocephalus (Rt'ppell).
Gobius echinocephalus Ruppell, Atlas, 1828, p. 136. CnviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,
1837, 12, p. 101 (134). Klunzingek, Fisohe Rothen Meeres, 1870, p. 47.5. Gunther, Fische der
Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. 17.'5, taf. 108, fig. D.
Gobius amiciensis Cuvieb & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1837, 12, p. 102 (133).
Paroffobiodon echinocephalus, .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1000, 25, p. 397.
Twelve specimens, No. 05913, i to Ig inches long from Makemo, Pai'.motu
Islands.
Color in alcohol, body very dark brown; dorsal, pectoral, anal, and caudal
almost black; ventrals pale; head in most specimens abruptly lighter brown.
Five specimens, No. 05914, M. C. Z. 29465, I to Ig inches long, from Vavau,
Tonga Islands.
The three smallest specimens are similarly colored, but somewhat lighter
than those from Makemo. The two largest are uniformly light brown all over.
Two specimens g and io inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Body dark brown, head abruptly light brown; dorsal, anal, and caudal
almost black, with punctulated lighter margins; pectoral pale with fine punc-
tulations; ventrals pale.
One specimen, No. 05915, t inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands.
Similar in color to those from Makemo.
Ruppellia lacunicola, sp. nov.
I'lalc (i, figure 1.
Type, No. 66006, U. S. N. M., | inch long from Lagoon at Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands.
THE SHORE FISHES. 319
Head .'>: di'iith 3.27; eye 4; dor.sal VI-IO2; anal 10; 22 scale.s in longi-
tudinal series.
Color in alcohol, uniform dark straw. All the fins except the ventrals brown-
isli black; ventrals very pale reddish lirown. This species is close to P. echino-
cei)li(ihis from which it differs in coloration, in being less elongate, having smaller
canines, coarser and fewer flaps, and practically no hair-like papillae on head.
Zonogobius semidoliatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190G, 25, p. .397, fig. 86.
Oohius semitlolintus Crv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 18.37, 12, p. .51.
Two specimens, No. 05921, I and i inches long from Bora Bora, Society
Islands. M. C. Z. 29593 (1 specimen).
Vailima stevensoni .Iordan & Seale.
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., I'.XXi, 25, )). 398, fig. 87,
One specimen, 2f inches long from Tipaerui Valley, Papeete, Society Islands,
Gobius ornatus Ruppell,
Atlas, 1828, p. 13.5. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. 172, taf. 3, fig. A. Day, Fi.shes
of India, 1876, p. 294, pi. 63, fig. 1. .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 25, p. 401, fig. 91.
Nos. 08901, M. C. Z. 29530, five specimens, I to if inches, and 09057,
three specimens Ig to 2i inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands.
No. 08938, M. C. Z. 29491 one specimen, 2| inches long from Tonga Islands.
Two specimens, No. 09088, each Is inches long from Moen, Truk Group,
Caroline Islands.
One specimen. No. 09033. M. C. Z. 29493, 1§ inches long from Suva, Fiji
Islands.
The two small specimens from Moen resemble in every way the specimens
of same size from Suva except in having a longer and slightly more humped snout.
The large one differs in the same way, but has in addition a more slender caudal
peduncle and the white markings are not definite.
320 EXPEDITIOX OF TIIK '■ALBATROSS," 1,S99-1900.
Mapo fuscus (Rippell).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. V . S. Fish Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 4S3, fig. 212. .loitnAN & Seale,
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 402.
Gnhiiis fuscus RttpPELL, Atlas, 1S28, p. 137.
Gohius nlbopunctalus CrviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1837, 12, p. .57.
No. 05908, five specimens l| to 3 inches long from Rangiroa; one specimen
l\ inches long and Nos. 05919, 05912, 2\ inches and l| inches long from Alakemo,
both places in Paumotu Islands. No. 09051, M. C. Z. 29526, l| inches long from
Vavau, Tonga Islands. No. 08944, M. C. Z. 29481, 3 inches long from Kusaie,
Caroline Islands. Nos. 08939, M. C. Z. 29504, two specimens if and 2 inches
long from Tonga Islands and 08913, if inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall
Islands.
Glossogobius biocellatus (Civier & ^'ALENCIENNEs).
Gohius biocellatus Crv. * \'al., Hisl. Xal. Poi.ss., 1837, 12, p. 57 (74). Dav, Fishes of India. 1870,
p. 289, pi. 63, fig. 8.
One specimen, 1 inch long from Alakemo, Paumotu Islands. This speci-
men is too small for positive identification, but it is provisionally identified with
G. biocellatus, since it agrees verj^ well in all the characters given, except in colora-
tion. It has dorsal VI-I, 9; A. I, 9 (Cuv. & Val. give D. VI, I, 10; A. I, 9);
scales at least 27; tongue notched; head naked; it agrees perfectly with Day's
descrijition of teeth.
Color in alcohol, pale, slight traces of large brownish spots on sides and
narrow bar across base of caudal; group of large punctulations anteriorly at
base of spinous dorsal, other smaller groups near end of rays indicating possible
bands, but the membrane is torn and the spines are separated somewhat. A
few punctulations in longitudinal series on the middle of the rays of the soft
dorsal .
Awaous genivittatus (ruviER & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23. jit. 1, p. 492, fig. 218.
Gohius qeiiivitlatus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., IS37, 12, ]). 64. Gunther, Fische dcr Siulscc,
1877, 6, p. 170, taf. 110, fig. C.
One specimen. No. 08989, 3^ inches long fiom Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
THE SHORE EISHES. 321
Amblygobius phalaena (Cttvier & Valenciennes).
.IcjRDAX A KicHAHUsoN, Hull. V. ,S. Hur. Fish., HiOS, 27, p. '2TS.
Cohiiis phaliinid Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., l.S:J7, 12, ji. 70 (!)2). GfiNTHiCR, C;it., ISIil, 3,
]). (i7.
One specimen, No. 09096, I3 inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
Dorsal VI — 15; Anal 15; scale.s in lateral series 52.
This specimen agrees quite well with the descriptions of this species,
differing, however, in the following points: instead of three rows of spots on the
sides of the head there is a brownish band bordered by narrow marginal bands
of light gray; 18 scales in longitudinal series between the 2nd dorsal and the anal
instead of 16.
The specimen has, as mentioned in Glinther's description of a young ex-
ample, a single black spot in the uj^per part of the base of caudal; the pectoral
fins are too badly torn to be certain as to their color pattern.
Amblygobius sphinx (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, ]). 40(1.
a<ihiiis sphiii.1- Crv. * Val., Hist. Xat. Poiss., 1,S37, 12, p. 70 (0.3). Gi'NTHER, Cat., ISOl, 3, p. 07.
One specimen, No. 09085, I3 inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline
Islands.
Head 3.22 in length; depth 3.86; eye 3.6 in head; snout 4.5; interorbital
5.62; maxillary 2.57; longest ventral ray 1.63; pectoral ray 1.12; scales .54,
18 in transverse series; dorsal VI, 15; anal 14.
Color (faded) in spirits, brown, there are about 5 darker brown cross bars;
l)ack with pale mottlings; a series of cross streaks from lateral line to belly,
one in front (jf pectoral, 4 or 5 behind pectoral; posterior to these from lateral
line across ventral region, a series of 4 pairs of light brown narrow liars; first
pair near vent, second posterior to origin of anal, third under posterior part of
anal, fourth on caudal peduncle; a faint spot on middle of opercle; a small
black spot on upper angle of opercle; a dusky bar across posterior margin of
gill membrane, also a brown spot on each side of the isthmus (chin) close to the
symphysis; numerous small pearly white spots on cheeks and opercles; a dark
brown spot on shoulder just back of opercular spot; a small white-edged black
322 EXPEDITION" OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
ocellus at base of caudal iniinediately above lateral line; the indistinct clouded
effect on the back corresponds to pairs of bars on the belly; some black on both
dorsals, too liadly tni'n to determine pattern; ventrals and anals slightly dusky.
Gobiodon histrio (Kmi, &Van Hasslet).
GttNTHER, Cat., 1861, 3, p. SS.
Gobiuii histrio Kuhl & Van H.a.sslet, Cuvier cV Valenciennes'.s, Hi.st. Xat. Poi.ss., 1S37, 12, p.
100, (132), pi. .347, lower fig.
Eight specimens, part of No. 05918, 1 to I2 inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands, M. C. Z. 29524 (4 specimens).
Description of largest specimen : Dorsal VI, 11; anal 10; head 3.36 in body;
depth 2.61; depth of head in head .9; eye 4.75; maxillary reaching very
slightly, if any, beyond a line from front margin of orbit, not from the pupil;
body strongly compressed ; profile rounded.
Colors, dark brown with lighter head and breast somewhat darker fins.
These specimens have the general shape of G. atrangulatus but with a smaller
mouth; they also have the general shape of Giinther's figure in Fische der Siidsee
of G. ceramensis, but in our specimens the dorsals are united. Structurally
they agree better with the description in Cuvier & Valenciennes of G. histrio
than with any other described species, excejjt that there are no tubercles on the
head; since, however, these specimens do not now agree in color, we provisionally
refer them to G. histrio.
Gobiodon atrangulatus Gariian.
Bull. Mu.'i. Comp. Z06I., ion:?, 39, p. 234, pi. 2, fig. 2.
Five specimens. No. 05918 — part, i to Ig inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands. M. C. Z. 29378 (2 specimens).
Description of largest specimens, Dorsal VI, 11; anal 10; head 3.5 in body;
depth 2.72; depth of head in head .97; eye 3.5; maxillary extending to below
middle of the eye; mouth larger than in G. rivulatus. Color, the two largest
specimens similar in color being light brown with bluish tint in reflected light
and thickly sprinkled with fine darker punctulations; vertical fins somewhat
dusky ; near the tip of each dorsal spine' is a small black spot indicating that it
THE SHORE FISHES. 323
may liave had a narrow siihiuarginal border. The three smallest specimens are
unifoi'mly jiiain straw color.
Gobiodon rivulatus (Ri'ppELL).
GiJNTHER, Cat., ISol, 3, p. S7. I'ltschc der .SCidsep, 1.S77, 6, p. ISO, taf. 109, fig. F.
Gobius rirulatun RiJPPELL, Atlas, 1828, p. 136. Ncue Wirb. Fische, 1835, p. 138.
Two specimens, No. 05916, I to l| inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu
Islands. M. C. Z. 29592 (1 specimen).
Measurements of larger examples; Depth of head in length of head 1.41;
head 2 in body; depth 1.92; eye 6.25 in head; maxillary reaches to below an-
terior edge of pupil; dorsal VI, 11; anal 9. Color plain light yellowish brown ;
fins paler.
These specimens agree in foi-m with (Uinther's figure in Fische der Siidsee,
taf. 109, fig. F.
Gobiodon citrinus (RCtppell).
GtiNTHER, Fische der Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. ISl, taf. 109, tig. E.
(t()\)lns cilritiim Uuppell, Ne\ie Wirb. F^isehe, 183.5, p. 139, taf. 3'2, tig. 4.
One specimen. No. 05917, Ig inches long from ^'avau, Tonga Islands.
One specimen, M. C. Z. 29460, No. 08945, l| inches long, from Kusaie,
Caroline Islands.
Sicyopterus taeniurus (Gi'-nther).
JoKD.\.\ & Se.\le, Hull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., lyuij, 25, p. 410.
Sicydium laeniurum Gunther. Fische der Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. 183, taf. 112, fig. C.
Four specimens, No. 05902, 2] to 4^ inches long from Fataua River, Tahiti,
Society Islands. M. C. Z. 29472 (2 specimens).
The largest specimen gives the following measurements : Mead 4.5 in length ;
eye 2.25 in interorbital ; interorbital 2.5 in head; eye 5.71 in head; dorsal ^T,
12, anal 10. Produced dorsal rays reaching a little beyond base of caudal;
last anal rays barely reaching base of caudal; middle rays of pectoral 17 mm.;
longest dorsal spine 33 mm. ; length of head 20 mm. ; scales 50. Color: ground
color dark brown; caudal peduncle and caudal lighter with darker center,
and darker outer margins; dark shade from back of eye towards corner of mouth.
324 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
PARAGOBIOIDES, gen. nov.
Type P. grandoculis, sp. nov.
Similar to Gobioides but with very large eyes. The venti'al fins apparently
separate, but it is uncertain if the division is normal.
Paragobioides grandoculis, .sp. nov.
Plate 6, figure ;?.
Type No. 65975, U. S. N. M., l| inclies long, Arhno Atoll, Marshall
Islands.
Body elongate, slender, with minute scales; dorsal 58, inserted at a distance
from tip of snout equal to about I base of dorsal, its rays somewhat produced
beyond membrane; anal 38, inserted at a distance from tip of lower jaw equal
to about I base of anal; ventrals I, 5; caudal with middle rays somewhat pro-
duced. Mouth somewhat oblique, lower jaw projecting, lip thick and fleshy;
teeth in bands in both jaws, the upper with two canine-like teeth anteriorly,
one on each side; outer .series of lower jaw enlarged, growing progressively
shorter posteriorly; apparently fine teeth on vomer and palatines; gill mem-
branes broadly joined to the isthnuis; head 7.5 in length to base of caudal;
depth 13.23; eye 4.25.
Color pale straw, fins colorless excepting the caudal which is slightly dusky
at the tips of rays. Probably a young fish.
CALLIONYMIDAE.
Callionymus cookii Ginthee.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lund., 1871, ]). 605. Fisi-hc dcr Sud.sei', 1877, 6, ]). 192, taf. 113, fig. B,
Two specimens, No. 05939, M. C. Z. 29596 (1 specimen), Ig and 2| inches
long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
The 24 inch specimen is apparently a male, the other a female. Dorsal
IV, 8; anal 7.
These specimens agree more closely with ('allioiiif/i/Ks nniL-ii than with any
other described species. The colors are faded, but in the male there are traces
THE SHORE FISHES. 325
of cross Inirs on the l)i)dy and tail as well as small ocelli; dorsals and pectorals
show traces of spots; ventrals ])lain; anal with dusky ]Huictulations; first
dorsal spine not produced, but last rays of second dorsal and middle rays of
caudal produced. In the female the colors are similar to the above, but with
what appears to have been a white-edged black blotch on spinous dorsal; the
rays are now detached and this mark is not definite; second dorsal and caudal
not so much produced. Neither specimen shows traces of spots on anal.
BLENNIDAE.
Enneapterygius atriceps Menkins).
Triplerygion alria/is Jenki.ns, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comiu., l!)0;i, 22, p. .50."), fig. 4(i,
One specimen slightly over one inch long from Ponapi, Caroline Islands.
This specimen agrees so closely with the type specimens of E. atriceps,
with which it has been compared, that we identify it as that species, although it
differs somewhat in the vertical fin counts. Head 3.3; eye 3.25; dorsal III-
XIII-10; A. I, 17; scales 32 or 33. The coloration is the same as in the type.
Hypleurochilus vaillanti Jukd,\.\ & Seale.
Bull. I". S. Bur. Fish., I'.llKi, 25, p. 42(1.
One specimen, M. C Z. 29377, fs inch long from Lagoon at Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands.
One specimen, lio inches long from I'dnapi, Caroline Islands.
An examination of the type, No. 51788, U. S. N. M., from Pag(j Pago,
Samoa, shows that it has the dorsal XII, 18 (not XII, 15, as given in description
by Jordan & Seale), and the anal 19 (not 17). Our sj^ecimens agree with this,
except that thei'e appear to be 20 anal rays in the smaller specimen.
Alticus periophthalmus (Civier & V.\i,knciennes).
.loKD.v.N & Se.\le, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., HH)(i, 25, ]). 422.
Saldriiix j>eno]>IUkul)niis Cuv. & V.\L., Hist. Nat. Poiss., IfSliG, 11, p. 2;j0 (311), pi. 328. GiiNTHEit,
Fischo iler Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. 207, taf. 114, figs. D, E. Day, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 333, pi. 6i), fij;. 5.
No. 0590(5, a specimen 2i inches long from Makenio, Paumotu Islands.
326 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALIiATIiOSS," 18'.m-l!)()().
Alticus caudolineatus Gi nthek.
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, ]). 423.
iSalarias caudolineatus Guxther, FLsclie der Siidsee, 1877, 6, p. 209, Inf. 1 1('>, tif;;. V.
No. 05909, M. C. Z. 29583 ( 1 specimen), 2 specimens 2 and l| inches lung
(poor condition) from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Dorsal XII, I, 20; anal 21; simple supraorbital tentacle, and a l)ifi(.l nasal
tentacle. Our specimens do not agree exactly in the above characters with
Gtinther's description.
Salarias lineatus Cuviek & Valenciennes.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1836, 11, p. 232 (314). Day, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 332, pi. 70, tig. 8. Jordan
& Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 426.
One specimen, No. 08915, M. C. Z. 29370, 2| inches long from Ai'hno Atoll,
Marshall Islands.
Head 5 in body; depth 5; eye 3.42 in head; dorsal XII (I), 23; anal 25;
no crest.
Moderately slender, head bluntly rounded, profile steep, a short fringed
nasal cirrus; a supraocular cirrus is sharply triangular and fringed on both sides.
Color in alcohol: ground color on top of head and back light brownish
gray, faintly mottled with darker and lighter on back; about 3 rows of small
black longitudinal spots beginning on a line under posterior 4th of dorsal and
extending on body to base of caudal; caudal irregularly blotched with dark
brown, but with a sharply defined narrow dark brown band running from the
middle of the upper margin obliciuely downward antl backward; longitudinal
light streaks on side, making broken lines, these being less broken farther down
on the side, showing faintly near base of anal; sides with about 12 pairs of
purplish brown cross bars somewhat triangular in shape with a wide angle, apex
forward; color most intense on axis of body but continuing faintlj^ toward
dorsal and anal ; 4 or 5 faint light bars across cheeks ; 2 dark bars across base of
pectoral; dorsals finely punctate, a brownish margin on soft dorsal anteriorly,
a row of very faint dark spots on base of soft dorsal, arranged in pairs posteriorly ;
anal plain, pale, with a few fine punctulations on tlie ujjper margins of membranes
and rays anteriorly.
THK SHORE FISHES. 327
Three other specimens, luunbor 05899, 21 to 3i inches long from Fakara\a,
Paumotu If^ilands.
One of these specimens, 3j inches long, has head 4.85 in bodj'; dejjth 5.23;
eye 4 in head; dorsal XII (I), 24; anal 24; crest on head, dorsal higher than the
dorsal of another specimen 28 inches long, which has head 4.59; depth 5.10;
eye 3.85; dorsal XIII, 24; anal 24; no crest on head.
Color of specimen 2l inches long without crest; comparing this specinuMi
with 08915 it is much darker in color being light brown, abdomen abruptly white,
same markings on body but not so dusky on tail, and lacking the obliciue black
bar; throat and chin dusky; spots at base of soft dorsal more distinct, and
paired cross bars less distinct ; spinous dorsal similar to l)ody ; traces of oblique
light lines on soft dorsal as in S. rivulalus.
The 31 inch specimen with crest and body more elongate has the color
generally darker, body markings less distinct than the specimen, 2\ inches long
without crest; light bars on soft dorsal a little more distinct; a narrow dusky
margin on soft dorsal, with a narrow border of white; anal plain light brownish
with dusky margin, at least in front; caudal same as body with a darker upper
antl lower margin and central rays, most intense at base, rays tipped with white.
Salarias edentulus fBujcii & Schneider).
GuNTHER, Fischf der SiUlsfp, 1S7~, 6, j). 20ti, taf. 117, fig. A. .Jordan A: Seale, Bull. V . S. Bur.
Fish., 1906, 25, p. 429.
Blenniu!i edenlaliis Block et .Schneider, Syst. Ichth., ISOl, p. 172.
Sulfirias ru'iihilit.s Ruppell, .\tlu.s, 1.S2.8, ]>. 114. .Jordan it Seale, Idc. cit., |). 429.
Sahirias quadrkornis D.\Y, Fi.shcs of India, 1S76, p. 'i'M, pi. 70, tig. 4.
The collection contains the following female specimens from the Paumotu
Islands: Nos. 05903, 3i inches long from Makemo; 05898, 3i inches long from
Fakarava; 05907, 3 inches and 08936, M. C. Z. 29527, 2^ inches long from Rangi-
roa.
The last specimen has dorsal XII, 21; anal 23, and agrees in color with
current descriptions of the species, except that on the caudal the spots are more
or less coalescent, forming 3 wavy, broken cross bars. It differs from the
description given by Jordan & Richardson in Fishes from Islands of the Philip-
32S EXPEDITIOX OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
pine Archipelago (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 27, ]>. 284), in having one more anal
ray.
The following male specimens are in the collection (formerly called n'ru-
latus), Nos. 05900, Sf inches antl 05904, three specimens 28 to 58 inches from
Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
The last three specimens each have dor.sal XIII, 20; anal 24. Nos. 05911,
M. C. Z. 29516, four specimens 2 to 21 inches long from Makemo, and 05901,
M. C. Z. 29382, 4i inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
The largest specimen among No. 05904 gives the following: head 4.41 in
body; dei)th4.07; eye 4. 30 in head; longest dorsal spine 1.41 ; longest ray 1.25;
longest anal ray l.liO; dorsal XII, 20; anal 22. Soft dorsal attached to caudal
for about ? of its length; caudal slightly rounded; front of head almost per-
pendicular; slightly rounded; crest present; supraorbital tentacle bifid; a
single row of cardiform teeth in each jaw; no canines present, anterior nostril
with short tube having a fringe of cirri on its posterior border.
In spirits this specimen is much lighter than the other specimens though
similarly but more faintly marked on body; soft dorsal dusky in front, lighter
behintl, showing very slight traces of the lighter bars. The fin is also very light
colored with a broad dusky margin showing slight traces of oblique bars; anal
light colored, also showing slight traces of bars and with narrow dusky margin
on membrane; caudal has a broatl faintly dusky margin and faint dusky bar
about middle.
The differences formerly separating »S. edentulus and S. rivulatus were the
presence of an occipital crest in S. rivulatus, and differences in coloration. These
are, however, merely sexual characters. In the fishes of Samoa Jordan & Seale
record seventy-five specimens of tS'. rivulatus and sixty of S. txlcntulus from .\]Ma
and Pago Pago. An examination of thiity-seveii of these shows that of twenty-
four specimens identified as S. rivulatus all l)ut one of the mature specimens
are males, and this one lacked the crest and had the coloration of the S. edentulus
form. Of the thirteen s]iccimens identified as S. edentulus all were females
except one, and this one had a crest and the coloration of the S. rivulatus form.
All of our specimens show the same differences and Icuxc no doubt but that the
two species are identical.
THE SHORE FISHES. 329
Petroscirtes mitratus Ri'i-pell.
Atlas, 182S, p. Ill, tal'. 2!S, fig. 1.
Nos. 08908, M. C. Z. 29522, three specimens each I5 inches, and 0908(),
four .specimens Ig to if inches long, from Moen, Truk tiroup, Caroline Islands.
Petroscirtes quadrimaculatus, sp. nov.
Plate 7, figurr I.
The collection contains two specimens. No. 09069, if and if inches lonp;
from Arhno Atoll, JMarshall Islands, the larger of which is the type, and one
specimen, M. C. Z. 29393, 1.75 inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands.
The type No. 65980, U. S. N. M., gives the following measurements: —
Head 4.25 in body length; depth 6.07; eye 3.33 in head; snout 3.33; head
rather sharply conical; posterior nostril with a slightly raised membranous
edge, anterior nostril with short tubes; two rows of narrow, close-set, rounded
incisors in u]3per jaw, those of inner row larger, no teeth visible on vomer or
palatines; one row of larger incisors in the front of the truncate lower jaw, and a
huge backwai'd curved, fang-like canine tooth in the anterior angle of each sitle
of lower jaw, the lower incisors horizontal; caudal truncate; dorsal 41 ; anal 29.
Color: back, upper side of body and top of head light brown; a series of
large quadrate dark brown spots, separated by narrow interspaces, from back of
eye to base of caudal, below which an abruptly narrow silvery stripe extending
from tip of lower jaw and lower border of eye to base of caudal; the surface below
this band plain whitish. The narrow interspaces between the spots on body
are made up of pairs of light colored lines diverging at top and extending to base
of dorsal, darker between, but not so dark as the cjuadrate spots, and causing
spots to show faintly as if continuous to the dorsal; very narrow light colored
bars extending below from the middle, or a little in front of middle, to the anal;
the second interspace behind the pectoral continues in this waj'.
Dorsal and anal are crossed by broad bars, parallel with the rays, coi-respond-
ing to the quadrate spots in position, the broad bars covering about .8 of width
of fin; above these a narrow whitish stripe with a xcvy narrow blackish boidci',
tips of rays white; the borders not ,-^liowing on anal, but tips of rays also white;
pectoral, ventral, and caudal pale.
330 EXPKDITIOX OF THK " ALHATHOSS," 1X09-1900.
In the cotype, the ground color similar to type but instead of spots
there ai-e about the same number of cross bars on the body and extending across
entire side, narrower at base of dorsal, than at base of anal, most distinct in
middle line of body, extending across anal and to middle of dorsal; rest of
dorsal as in type; anal without light border and other fins as in type. A light
spot in center of each of the broad dark bars on body appearing as an intensih-
cation of the longitudinal silvery stripe of the type; the narrowing of the bars
on back due to the diverging of the pairs of lines that make up the interspaces,
and the light bars across the lower part of the body continuous with these inter-
spaces and not as in the type.
In the specimen from Papeete the color on body is similar to the type,
except that the light bars across the lower portion are continuous with the
interspaces and the bars of both dorsal and anal continue entirely across
dorsal and anal with no marginal stripes.
FIERASFERIDAE.
Fierasfer parvipinnis Kaip.
.^podes, 18.50, p. 160, pi. l(j, fig. 2. Gunther, Cat., 1862, 4, p. 383, ul'tei- K.\ri>. Fi.sc-hc ilci-
Slidsee 1909, 8, p. 338. Fowler, Proi-. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. .528.
Jordaidcus pampinnin Jord.^n & Se.\IjE, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1908, 25, p. 435.
No. 05926, a specimen Tf inches long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands.
ECHENEIDIDAE.
Echeneis naucrates Limne.
.Syst. Xat. (Ml. 10, 17.5,S, p. 261. IXw, Fishes of India, 1S76, p. 2.57, pi. .57, fig. 1.
LcjMcchcncU iiaucmles Jord.an & Se.vlk, Brdl. I'. S. Bur. Fish., lOOli. 25, \i. 411.
Two specimens from Paumotu Islands, one, Nos. A44, M. C. Z. 29725,
184 inches long from Fakarava and A59, I82 inches long from Makemo. One
specimen. No. A157, 20 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
No. A157 has dorsal XXIV, 38; anal 34, color brown, lighter above and
below, no trace of a lateral stripe, except on head, where it is very distinct, dis-
appearing on base of pectoral; ends of pectoral rays pale; dorsal and anal uni-
THE SHORE FISHES. 331
form light lirinvn: ti])s of doi-sal i'a>'s dusky; oiitrr rays of caiidal not jialo;
caudal irregular, shallow emarginato.
No. A59 has dorsal XXIV, 33; anal 31, color dark brown on hack, a di.s-
tinct lateral stripe, with a distinct white stripe above and below this stripe;
pectoral blue black, lacking white tips; caudal deeply lunate with pale outer
rays.
No. A44, tloi-sal XXIII, 34; anal 32; color, dark brown above, with a darker
brown lateral sti-ipe, lighter below, but not so light above as in A59; ends of
lower rays of pectoral pale; dorsal and anal yellowish brown, each wiih a darker
brownish marginal band, with pale tij) to the rays; outer caudal rays pale,
middle rays longest and very dark, making the fin double truncate.
Echeneis remora Linne.
Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 260. D.w, Fi.shes of India, 1S7(), p. 2.58.
.Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comni., 1905. 23, )M. 1, p. 494.
No. 05940, four specimens, 3i to 64 inches long from Surface at Station
AAll, Sept. 3, 1899.
No. 05942, M. C. Z. 29466, two specimens, 3^ and 3| inches long fi'om
Society Islands.
No. 05941, four specimens, 3l to 9^ inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu
Islands.
PLEURONECTIDAE.
Platophrys mancus (Hroussonet).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 190(i, 25, p. 412,
Plciironcctes maiiciis Broussonet, lohth. sist. Pi.scium, 17S2, pi. 3. 4.
No. A178, a specimen, 94 inches long from Arhno, Marshall Islands. Dorsal
99 ; anal 77 ; pectoral equals head.
No. A43, M. C. Z. 29720, a specimen S| inches long from Fakarava, Pau-
motu Islands. Dorsal 100; anal 79; pectoral slightly shorter than head.
No. A69, a specimen 71 inches long from Makemo, Paiunotu Islands.
Dorsal 100; anal 80; pectoral reaches edge of preopercle.
No. 05945, M. C. Z. 29512, a specimen if inches long from Fakarava,
Paumotu Islands.
332 EXPEDITIOX OF THK ■'ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
Platophrys pantherinus (Rippj'.ll).
Jordan A Evermanx, Bull, I'. S. Fish. Coinin., l(t();"i, 23, ]it 1, ]). .')12.
Rhombus /Kihthcrinus Rupi'Ell, Atlas, 1828, ]i. 121, ])1. 31, fig. 1.
Uli(ii)i}i(uili()ithys pantherinuH GuNTHER, Fische der Siid.scc, 1009, 8, |). 342.
No. A132, 9? inches long from Kambara, Fiji Islands. Three specimens
from the following ]ilaces in Paumotu Islands: Nos. A42, M. C. Z. 29735, 09008,
AI. C. Z. 29474, 7 and if inches long fi-om Fakarava and 05832. 5 inches long
from Makemo.
No. 09012, 3| inches long from Guam. Nos. 09056 and 09097, 1^ and 3^
inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands. No. 10060, \\ inches
long from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands. No. 09002, M. C. Z. 29535, 5^
inches long from Namuka, Tonga Islands.
In No. A42, dorsal 91, anal (i9; the pectoral not reaching edge of preopcrclc
and is 1.5 in head; eye eciuals distance between interorbital rims.
In specimen A132, pectoral does not reach caudal, but is nearly twice as
long as head; dorsal 91; anal ()7. These specimens of P. pantherinus have a
much larger eye than P. mancus has, the upper eye being 4.33 in head, it about
equals the distance between the orbital rims; in P. mnncus the eye is 5.5 in head
and about half the distance between the orbital rims.
SOLEIDAE.
Pardachirus pavoninus (L.\cf.pede).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, p. 413.
Arhirus pavoninns Lac. Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S02, 4, p. O.W, (itiO, (idl. Day, Fishes iil' Imlia, 1877, j).
427, pi. 93, fig. 2.
No. 08937, a .specimen 2| inches long from Tonga Islands.
It is said of this species that only the scales on the head and anterior part
of body are ciliated, but in the specimen No. 08937 all the scales on both sides
of the body are ciliated.
TIIK SIIOHI-: FISHKS, 333
BALISTIDAE.
Balistes vidua Solander.
Zool. Voy. Sulphur. Ichlli., 1S45, p. 128, pi. 5<), figs. 9, 10. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S.
Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 409, pi. (U. Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190ti, 25, p. 3lil.
Mdichlhys ptdiici Bleeker, AtUis Ichth., lSti5, 5, ji. 107, 109, tal). 217, Balist., 3, fig. 2.
Nos. A29, 7l inches and A30, AI. C. Z. 297()(), (if inches long from Tahiti,
Society Islands.
Balistes capistratus Shaw.
Ci(>n. Zool., 1S04, 6, p. 417 (after Lacopeilr). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. F^ish. Comiii.,
190.-., 23. pt. 1, p. 411, fig. ISl.
BiilUtcs (Balulapm) frenaliis, Bleeker, Athis Ichth., IStirj, 5, p. 110, 114, tab. 22:5, Balist. 9, Hg. 2.
Nos. A70, ll2 inches and A89, M. C. Z. 29740, 10^ inches lono,-, from Makemo,
Paumotu Islands.
Balistes niger Ronnaterre.
Ichthyologie, 1788, p. 19, pi. i<F,, fig. 3.52.
Balistes {Bnlistapus) conspicillum Bleeker, Atlas Irhth., ISO.-), 5, p. Ill, 110, tab. 221, Balist. 7,
fig. 2.
Balistes conspicillum Gunther, Cat., 1S70, 8, p. 220.
Balistes niger .Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1900, 25, j). 3(12.
No. A195, a specimen, 10 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands.
Balistapus aculeatus (Linne).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. V. 8. Fish. Comm., UlOf), 23, ])t. 1. ]). 414, |)1. 02. Jordan & Seale,
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 362.
Balistes aeiilealits Linne, Syst. X.at. ed. 10, 17.58, p. 328.
Nos. A199, M. C. Z. 29791, of inches, and 08950, 4§ inches long from Kusaie,
Caroline Islands. Nos. 05928 to 05930, four specimens, 4? to 7 inches long
from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands. No. 08849, two specimens, M. C. Z.
29457, if and 4| inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
Balistapus undulatus (Mitngo Park).
.Jordan & Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 363.
Balistes luutulatiis MuN<;o P.\rk, Trans. Jjinn. Sop., 1797, 3, p. 37.
The collection contains fn^ii Marshall Islands, Nos. A1S7, 9f inches and
334 P:XPKDIT10X OFTHK ■• albatross," 1S99-1900.
A188, M. C. Z. 29773, (i inches long, from Jaluit, and AISO, M. C. Z. 297(i7,
from Arhno; and 08S74, from Suva, Fiji Islands.
OSTRACIIDAE.
Ostracion cornutus Linne.
8yst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 331. Day, Fishes of India, 1878, p. (1117, pi. 17(i, fig. 4.
Oslracion (Acanthoxlracion) arcua Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1865, 5, p. 31, 35, tab, 202, Ostrap. 2,
fig. 3, and 204, Ostrac. 4, fig. 4.
Ladoria cornula Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. .368.
No. A116, a specimen IO2 inches long from Tongatabii, Tonga Islands.
Ostracion nasus Hloch.
Ausl. Fische, 1787, 1, ]). 121 (118), taf. 138. Gunther, Cat., 1870, 8, p. 263. Day, Fishes of
India, 1878, p. 696.
'Ostracion tuherctdaluin Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1907, 26, ]). 35.
One specimen, No. 09092, one inch long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline
Islands. One specimen M. C. Z. 29600, iro inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
The specimens agree closely with 0. tuberculatum as described by Jordan &
Seale, Gunther, and Day {loc. cit.).
According to Gunther, 0. cubicus, which he considers synonymous with 0.
tuberculatus, Cat., 8, p. 260, has the back slightly convex without raised ridge
in the median line. According to Day — loc. cit., in 0. nas^is the width of the
body KS greater than the height, and in 0. cubicus the width about equals the
height. In this character our specimens agree with 0. nasu.s.
TETRAODONTIDAE.
Spheroides hypselogeneion (Bleeker).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 368.
Tetrnodnn hijpselo(jviiiinn Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1852, 3, p. 300. Bleeker, .\tlas Ichth.,
1865, 5, p. 60, 61, tab. 218, Gymnod. 9, fig. 5.
No. 08837, three specimens 3 to Ss inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands.
M. C. Z. 29429 (1 specimen).
THE SHORE FISHES. 335
These specimens are badly faded and show no dark l:)ars across the clieek,
hut they agree very well with Riipi)eirs jilate of T. hoDckvnji (Atlas, 1828, i)l. 17,
%. 2).
Tetraodon lacrymatus Cuvier.
Qiioy & Gaimari), Voy. Uranie. Zool., 1824, p. 204. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. 8. Fish.
Cnmm., 1905. 23, pt. 1, i). 429, fig. 1S6.
The collection contains Nos. x\37, M. C. Z. 29776, a specimen 7^ inches
long from Tikei; A55, 51 inches, Fakarava, and A63, 8| inches long from
Makemo, all in the Paumotu Islands.
Tetraodon manillensis Proce.
Hull. I'liilmn., 1S22, p. 130.
Cidijmcion manilli'tisiii Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1865, 6, p. 66, 69, tab. 208, Gymnod. 4, fig. 2.
Tctmndoit imiiKiculdtii.'i var. vinialax GtiNTHER, Cat., 1870, 8, ji. 292. Jordan & Seale, Bull.
U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 25, p. 370.
Nos. A150, n\ inches and A139, M. C. Z. 29789, Sg inches long from Suva,
Fiji Islands, and 09061, f inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Color of back, in A150, dark brown, growing lighter downward, becoming
white on a level with lower part of pectoral; about 11 narrow black longitudinal
stripes between the dorsal and anal with an occasional incomplete line, the
complete lines extending nearly to the caudal, especially those above; there are
similar, but lighter lines on the belly, extending from the throat to the region of
the anal; the lines on body extending on to head, three or four of them encir-
cling the pectoral fin; outer rays of caudal black. In the smaller example
(A139) the dark lines not evident on the belly; the prickles on the smaller
one proportionately longer.
Jordan & Seale say: "Apparently Dr. CUinther is right in regarding T.
manillensis, with the back streaked, as the young of T. immaculahis in which
species the back is plain in life. Specimens before us from Negros in the Philip-
pines show that the black stripe on the back disappears with age. Both Giinther
and Bleeker record specimens of the striped forms of T. manillensis, of 10 to 12
inches in length." Since the black stripes are present as shown by Giinther &
Bleeker, and by our specimens in individuals of 10 or 12 inches in length, and as
the striped form is of such wide distribution, the presence of stripes is not a
336 EXPEDITION' ()E THE " ALBATROSS," l,S99-l!l()().
c'luiractfr peculiar to the youiifi-, and if a constant coloi- character is of anv speci-
fic value this should he considered a distinct species and not the youno; of T.
intmacidafus. The disappearing black stripe on Jordan & Seale's Negros s])eci-
niens may he due to the action of the ]M-eservative rather than to age.
Canthigaster solandri (Richardson).
Jordan it Seale, Bull. V. S. Bur. Fish., 191)0, 25, p. 371.
Tetraodon solandri. Richard-son, Zool, Voy. Sulphur. Ichth., l!S4.'i, p. 12.), j)!. .57, fi}j. 4-().
Nos. 05933, a specimen 3 inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands, and
05823, M. C. Z. 294S7, a specimen 2| inches long from Makemo, Paumotu
Islands.
These specimens are badly faded, but they agree very well with a specimen
fi-oin Samoa identified by Jordan & Seale, and with the descriptions of ('. sulamlri.
Canthigaster constellatus, sj). nov.
Platf 7, fifiiirc 2.
Type No. 65767 U. S. N. AL, 2 inches long; cotype No. 29396, AI. C. Z.
No. 05922, nine specimens if to 2 inches long from Fakai'ava, Paumotu
Islands. These specimens are immature and fadetl and therefore difficult of
identification. But, so far as the color can be determined, they agree with the
figure of Tetrodon ocellatus Bennett in Fishes of Ceylon, pi. 21, in having
apparently the same sort of subdorsal ocellus and the same sort of lines about
the eye and snout and back, especially between the dorsal and caudal; the longi-
tudinal row of blue spots in Bennett's figure is indicated by a similar row of
white spots in the present specimens; our specimens show in addition irregular
dusky blotches, sometimes coalescing, forming a sort of band, sometimes barely
visible, extending from just above the gill opening to caudal; the lower edge
of these dark blotches sharply define the white ventral portion of the fish; in
one or two of our specimens the largest blotch, which is situated ,iust anterior
to a vertical line from the subdorsal ocellus, extends a short distance on the side
of the belly as a faint dusky bar and upward toward the back ; in several there
are faint traces of three blotches between the snout and the pectoral, the first
situated some distance back of the angle of the mouth, the second below the
THK SH()1{E FISHES. 337
iuiterior inarj!;in of the eye, the third below the posterior margin; in one or two
specimens there is also a faint bloteh-like band aei'oss the back, just back of the
highest part of the back or hum]).
These additional colors may be characters of the young and can hardly be
considered of specific value; the close agreement with Bennett's figure would
perhaps justify its identification with that species notwithstanding the remote-
ness of the two localities; however, Bleeker has described a species under the
name of C. bennetti which he considers identical with Bennett's C. ocellatus.
In his Atlas, 5, Bleeker restores C. ocellatus Bennett, and figures it (Tab. 214,
(lynmod. Tab. 10, hg. 5), but this figure is apparently of a quite different spe-
cies from Bennett's ('. ocellatus.
Inasmuch as Bennett's name, ocellatus, is preoccupied by Bloch, our sj:)eci-
mens, even should they prove identical with Bennett's, would rec^uire a new name.
Head 2.5 in length; eye 4 in head; snout 1.68; interorbital about S; dorsal
10; anal 9; bodj' covered with fine prickles.
DIODONTIDAE.
Diodon hystrix Linne.
Sy.st. Nat. ed. 10, 17.5S, p. :3;5.j. Jordan & Evermax.n, Bull. V. S. Fitsli. Coiiim., 190.5, 23, |)t. 1,
]i. 4:^7, fig. 192.
No. A31, a specimen ll| inches long, from Papeete, Tahiti, Society Islands.
ANTENNARIIDAE.
Antennarius bigibbus (LACEPf:DE).
BucEKiCH, Atlas Iclilh., lS(i."i, 5. p. 10, •-'!, pi, I'.MI, tiji. 3.
(.iuNTHEU, Fisclic dor .Siidseo, 1S70, 5, ]). 16.5, t;if. 105, fig. B.
Loiihius bigibbus L.\c., Hist. Nat. Poi.ss., 179S, 1, p. 325.
No. 05944, a specimen 24 inches long from Fakarava, Paiimotu Islands.
338
EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES.
o
o
O
a
O
Carcharias melanopterus
Albiila vulpes ....
Chanos chanos
Stolephorus dclicatulus
Harengula kunzei . .
sundaica .
commersoni
Saurida gracilis . . ,
Anguilla mauritiana
otahcitensis
Muraenichtliy.s macropterus
schultzei
Lciuranus semicinctus .
Gymnothorax richard.sonii
pictus
rupelliae
tessellatus
stellatus
Echidna tritor . . .
Enchelynassa canina
Uroptcrygius pantherimis
marmoratus
ooncolor .
Belone platyura
Hemiraraphus dussuniierii
affinis
far . .
Zenarchopterus dispar .
Exocoetus volitans . .
Cyp.silurus speculiger
bahiensis
Athcrina lacunosa . .
endrachtensis
vaigiensis
uisila . . .
Liza cacruleomaculata .
Liza melinoptcra .
Liza trochelii ....
vaigiensis . . .
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
THE SHORE EISHES.
:«9
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES^Continued.
K
a
■a
a
CO
^
o
03
1— (
1
V)
3
cd
t
8
l-H
03
OS
a
a
o
(4
O
H
fe
H
+
+
+
is "
■o
s
to
3
>.
4A
o
a
S
M
a,
+
+
+
+
+
+
jiroxima
sandvicensis
rupestris .
Liza borneensis
(^ompressa
crenilabis
Nconij'xiis f'hapf all ] +
Sphyraeiia obtusat.a ....
forstcri
Polydactj-hi.s kviru
Fistularia ])etimba
Corythroichthys conspicillatus
specifer . . .
Microphis brachy virus ....
Hippocampus guttulatus . . .
Holocentrus spinifer ....
tierooidcs ....
punctatissimus
diadema ....
samniara ....
Scomberoides sancti]i('tri
lolooparah . . .
Trauhurop.s crumenophthalina
Caranx melampygus ....
forsteri
ignobilis
ferdau
Trachinotus ovatus
baillonii ....
oblongus ....
Leiognathus fasciatus ....
splendeiLS ....
edentula ....
Apogon frcnatus
orbicularis
savayensis
ceramensis
vaiulae
exostigma
jiunctulatus ....
Mioiiorus waikiki
Paramia quinquelineata . .
.Ambassis urotacnia
Kuhlia male
niaoulata
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+■
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1 +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
840
KXI'HDITIOX OF TIIK •■ALBATROSS," ISilO-lOOO.
DISTRIBrriOX OF Till': SPECIES— Continue;!.
—• -ji
Kulilia lacniuiu ? . . .
Panicanthistius macuhilus
Anyperodon leiicogrammicut;
C('))h:ili)iih(ilis argus
urodchis
leopardus
Epincplielus iiicrra . . .
fuscoguttatus
caeruleopunctat ii
I'riacanthiis cniciitatus
Lutianus kasinira
gibh\is
marginatus
JDlinii
iiKiiiDsligma
iiiargiiialoidcs
'I'liciapiiu macvilatus .
jarljua .
I.ctliriiius ramak
harak . . .
mahspnoidi's .
inopiisii
richardsonii
Lctlirinella miniata .
MoiiDtaxis gvandocvilis .
Xystacma argyrcum
acinacps
oyena .
I'liciu'iis \'ittatus
suliilmrtHis .
I'scuilupriii'Us iiioaiia
liiras<'i:ilus
liarl)i'rinus
liarhcriiKiidi'
Mulldidcs Havolincatus .
samoiMisis
I'oniaccMlnis pavii
nigiicans .
lividus
Abudcrdul sordidiis
scplcinrascialus
saxatalis .
glaiiPiis
zonal MS
anlji'i-ius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
a
O
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ - +
+
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
THE SHORH FISHIvS.
341
DISTIillWTION OF THE SPECIES— Continued.
f] —
~i =*
AI)U(lrl'(luf curaoao . .
sexfasciatiis .
Dascyllus aruanus
trimaculatiis .
poinacentroidei
Chroiiiis caeruleus
Sfcthojiilit; strigiventor .
oasturi . .
bandanensis
Halieliocrefi Irimaculatus
Julis pulohcrrima
Thalassonia hinart'
])ui'pnr(nim
Cheilimis digrammus
undulatus
Cj-molutos jiraetextatus
Scarichlliys caorulcoixinfta
Scanis bruniu'us .
pulohollus .
batavicnsis . .
Platax orbicularis . .
Forcipiger longirostris .
Megaprotodon trifascialis
Chac'todon setifer
iilietensis
lunula
kloinii
trifasciatus .
Zauclus L-aiiPscens . .
Teuthis nigricans . .
clongatus . .
triustegus . .
gut tat us .
mat a ....
Ctonorhactus .striatus
Zobra.^oma rhombcuui .
vcliferuni
AcanI hums brevirostris
vlamingi
Siganus fusccscens
liunctatus
rostratus . . .
Sebastopsis scabra . .
Soorpacnopsis laotalae .
Sebastapistes gelactacme
1 +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+?
+
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
342
KXPEDITIOX OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES— Continued.
•Ji M
B =5
cy
O
1^
^
%
1
+
3
C,
O
Sebastapistes tristis .
Pterois volitans . .
radiata . .
antennata . .
Synanceja verrucosa
Caracanthus maculatus
Amphi|)rioniclit,hys unipinn;
Ophiocara porocephala
Asteropterix semipunctatus
Eviota zonura
Periophthalmus barbarus
Ojiloponius oplopomus
Ruppellia echinocephalui
lacunicola
Zonogobius semidoliatus
Vailima stevensoni
Gobius oniatus . .
Mapo fuscus . . .
Glossogobius biocellatus
Awaous genivittatus
A mbly gobius phalaena
" sphinx
Gobiodon histrio .
atrangulatus
rivulatus .
citrinus
Sicyopterus taeniurus
Paragobioides grandoculis
Callionyraus cookii . .
Enneapt.erygius atriceps
Hypleurochilus vaillanti
Alticus periophthalmus .
caudolineatus
Salarias lineatus . .
pdentulus . .
Pctroscirtes mitratus
quadrimarulatu:
Fierasfer parvipinnis
Echeneis naucrates .
remora .
Platophrya mancus .
pantherinus
Pardachirus pavoninus
Balistes vidua . . .
capistratus .
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
j
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
THE SHORE FISHES.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES— Concluded.
343
e ?
o
0.
Balistes niger . . .
Balistapus aculeatus .
unduliilus
Oslnicion ooruutus .
nasus . .
Sphcroidcs hypsp!ogen(>ion
Totraodoii laehryinatu.s
inaiiillensis
Cantliigaster solandri
constellatus
Diodon histrix . .
Antcnnariiis bigibbus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE 1.
Trnchinntim ohlongiis Ciivicr it Xalcnciennos. Page 272.
PLATE 2.
Fiji. 1. Tnichiiiiiliis }i(iilIonii {hAc6pbc\e). I'li^f 271.
Via. -■ Knlititt undo (Cuvicr & Valt'iicicnnes). Page 280.
PLATE 3.
FiK. 1. KiiliUii mnciiliilus (Cuvicr i\: Wilcncicnnos). Page 281.
Fig. 2. Kti/itid iiro.riinii Kemlall i<c Cloldsborough. Page 282.
PLATE 4.
Fig. 1. Liilidiiii.s inarginritoiileti Kendall it Gold.sborough. Page 287.
Fig. 2. Thciri/toii innciilfiliis Kendall tt OoMsboroiigh. Page 288,
PLATE 6.
Fig. 1. Ddsci/lliis iiomnceiitroidcs Kendall it (loldsborough. Page 298.
Fig. 2. Fcircipigcr Ion(/irofilritt liroiissonel . Page 306.
PLATE 6.
Fig. 1. RuppeUin laciinicoln KendiiW & C>o\dshoroug.h. Page 318.
Fig. 2. I'driuiohinidrx f/iriiiilnnilix Kendall it Ooldsboroiigli. Page 324.
PLATE 7.
Fig. 1. Petroscirtes quadrimacnlatus Kendall & Goldsboroiigh. Page 329.
Fig. 2. Cnnthigasler constellalus Kendall it Cloldsborough. Page 336.
n
►J
c
o
CO
ffl
"ALBATROss"TROprcAi. PACIFIC Ex.— Skohe Fishf.s
Pus.TE 2
HzliotypeCc Bostoh.
"Albatros3"Tropical Pacific Ex.— Shore Fishes
Plate 3
HeliotypeCo Bostoh
"Albatross"Tropical Pacific; Ex -Shore Fishes.
Plate 4
Heuotype Co Bostow
■Ai.batf.oss"Trofical Pacific Ex-Shore Tishes.
Plate 5
^i€^^
'Ih in.
HeliqtypeCO Bostom
"Albatros3"Tropical Pacific Ex.— Shore Fishes.
Pljs.te 6
M.
^rrm'/T/zrei
^'^^s^m:^:<::s^:c^^^^<^^^'
Heli jti-peCo Boston
'!Albatrcss°Tropical Pacific Ei— Shore Fishes.
Plate 7
HeliotypeCo Bostom
PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
There have been published of the Bulletin Vols. I. to LIL;
of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV., and also Vols. XXVI., XXVIII.,
XXIX., XXXI. to XXXIII., XXXVII., and XLI.
Vols. LIII. to LV. of the Bulletin and Vols. XXV., XXVII.,
XXX., XXXIV. to XXXVI., XXXVIII. to XL., XLII. to XLVII.
of the Memoirs, are now in course of publication.
A price list of the publications of the Museiim will be sent on
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Cambridge, Mass.
fhe follo'wing Publications of the Museum contain Reports on the Dredging Operations in
charge of Alexander Agassiz, of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer '■'■Albatross" during
1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding.
nil.
IV.
hree Letters from Alexander Agassiz to the Hon.
Marshall McDonald, U. S. Commissioner
of Fish and Fisheries, on tlie Dredging
Operations of the "Albatross " in 1891.
Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXI. No. 4. June,
. 1891. 16 pp.
4 I. A. Agassiz. On Calamocrinus Dioraedfe, a
J new Stalked Crinoid from the Galapa-
gos. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XVII. No. 2.
January, 1892. 95 pp. 32 Plates.
,'i II. A. Agassiz. General Sketch of the Expe-
dition of the " Albatross," from February
to May, 1891. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol.
XXIII. No. 1. February, 1892. 89 pp.
22 Plates.
A. Goiis. Neusiua Agassizi. Bull. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXIII. No. 5. December, 1892.
4 pp. 1 Plate.
H. LuDwiG. Vorlaufiger Bericht Uber die
erbeuteten Holothurien. Zeit. Anz., No.
420. 189.3. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXIV.
No. 4. June, 1893. 10 pp.
V. Geo. p. Merrill. The Rocks of the
Galapagos. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XVI.
No. 13. July, 1893. 3 pp.
VI. AV. Faxon. Preliminary Descriptions of
new Species of Crustacea. Bull. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXIV. No. 7. August, 1893. 72 pp.
VII. S. H. ScuDDER. The Orthoptera of the
Galapagos. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV.
No. 1. September, 1893. 25 pp. 3
Plates.
iTIII. W. ScHiMKEWiTSCH. The Pygnogonidse.
Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 2. Decem-
r ber, 1893. 17 pp. 2 Plates.
\ IX. W. McM. WooDWOKTH. The Planari-
ans. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 4.
January, 1894. 4 pp. 1 Plate.
X. Th. Studer, Note pr^liminaire sur les
Alcyonaires. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV.
No. 5. February, 1894. 17 pp.
XI. S. F. Clarke. The Hydroids. Bull.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 6. February,
1894. 7 pp. 5 Plates.
XII. H. LuDWiG. The Holothurians. Mem.
M. C. Z., Vol. XVII. No. 3. October
1S94. 183 pp. 19 Plates.
'XIII. R. Bergh. Die Opisthobranchien. Bull. M.
C.Z.,Vol. XXV. No.lO. October, 1894.
109 pp. 12 Plates.
XIV. A. Ortmann. The Pelagic Schizopoda.
Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 8. Sep-
tember, 1894. 13 pp. 1 Plate.
XV. W. Faxon. The Crustacea. Mem. M. C. Z..
Vol. XVIII. April, 1895. 292 pp. 67
Plates.
XVI. W. GiESBRECHT. Die Pelagischen Cope-
poden. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No.
12. April, 1895. 20 pp. 4 Plates.
XVII. C. H. TowNSEND. The Birds of Cocos
y Island. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII.
No. 3. July, 1895. 8 pp. 2 Plates.
C. Hartlacb. Die Comatuliden. Bull.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII. No. 4. August,
1895. 26 pp. 4 Plates.
t
VIII.
XIX. G. W. Muller. Die Ostracodcn. Bull.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII. No. 5. Octo-
ber, 1895. 10 pp. 3 Plates.
XX. A. Goes. The Foraminifera. Bull. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXIX. No. 1. February,
1896. 103 pp. 9 Plates.
XXI. O. Maas. Die Medusen. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXIII. No. 1. September, 1897.
92 pp. 15 Plates.
XXII. H. J. Hansen. The Isopoda. Bull. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXXI. No. 5. December,
1897. 38 pp. 6 Plates.
XXIII. A. Agassiz. Prelimin.ary Report on the
Echini. Bull, M. C. Z., Vol. XXXII.
No. 5. June, 1898. 18 pp. 14 Plates.
XXIV. E. L. Mark. Preliminary Report on
Branchiocerianthus urceolus. Bull. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXXII. No. 8. August,
1898. 8 pp. 3 Plates.
XXV. C. F. Li'TKEN and Th. Mortensen. The
OphiuridK. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXIII.
No. 2. November, 1899. 114 pp. 22
Plates and Chart.
XXVI. S. Garman. The Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXIV. November, 1899. 426 pp.
97 Plates and Chart.
XXVII. W. McM. Woodworth. Preliminary
Account of Pianktonemertes Agassizii.
Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV. No. 1.
July, 1899. 4 pp. 1 Plate.
XXVIII. L. Stejneger. Two new Lizards of the
genus Anolis, from Cocos and Malpelo
Islands. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXVL
No. 6. November, 1900. 6 pp. 1 Plate.
XXIX. W. E. HoYLE. The Cephalopoda. Bull.
M. C. Z.„Vol. XLIII. No. 1. March,
1904. 71 pp. 12 Plates.
XXX. H. V. Wilson. The Sponges. Mem. M.
C.Z., Vol. XXX. No. 1. July, 1904.
164 pp. 26 Plates.
XXXI. R. VON Lendenfeld. The Radiating
Organs of the Deep Sea Fishes. Mem.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXX. No. 2. August,
1905. 49 pp. 11 Plates, 1 Chart.
XXXII. A. Agassiz. The Panamic Deep Sea
Echini. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXL
November, 1904. 10, 243 pp. 112
Plates.
XXXni. E. VON Marenzeller. Stein-und
Hydro-Korallen. Bull. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XLIII. No. 2. August, 1904.
16 pp. 3 Plates.
XXXIV. E. VON Marenzeller. Lagisca Irritans,
.sp., nov., ein Symbiont von Hydro-
korallen. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII.
No. 3. August, 1904. 6 pp. 1 Plate.
XXXV. H. LcDwiG. Asteroidea. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XXXII. July, 1905. 12, 292 pp.
35 Plates, 1 Chart.
XXXVI. E. TRO.IAN. Ein Beitrag zur Morpholo-
gie des Tiefseefischgehirnes. Mem.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXX. No. 3. October,
1906. 41 pp. 6 Plates.
PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
There have been published of the Bulletin Vols. I. to XLTL,
and also Vols. XLIV. to LI.; of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV.,
and also Vols. XXVIIL, XXIX., XXXI. to XXXIII.
Vols. XLIIL, LII., and LIII., of the Bulletin, and Vols.
XXV., XXVI., XXVIL, XXX., XXXIV., XXXV., XXXVL,
XXXVII. , and XXXVIII. of the Memoirs, are now in course
of publication.
A price list of the publications of the Museum will he sent
on application to the Librarian of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
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3 2044 066 30^
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